Loner Groups

These groups each contain only one character. It is still good to know the phonetic component, since it may be of use in learning new characters not treated here, in the same or other languages.

已

cease; already

Old Chinese: *ɢ(r)əʔ

Middle Chinese: yiX

已
4461
yǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
already; finished; stop
已經
而已
yǐ jīng
ér yǐ
already
that's all/nothing more

一

one

Old Chinese: *ʔi[t]

Middle Chinese: 'jit

一
4462
yī
TODO: Cantonese?
one; a, an; alone
一些
一樣
yī xiē
yī yàng
some/a few/a little/(following an adjective) slightly ...er
same/like/equal to/the same as/just like

後

1: after

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: huwX

2: put after ?

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s

Middle Chinese: huwH

後
4463
后
hòu
TODO: Cantonese?
behind, rear, after; descendents
然後
以後
rán hòu
yǐ hòu
then; after that; afterwards
after/later/afterwards/following/later on/in the future

對

respond

Old Chinese: *[t]ˤ[u]p-s

Middle Chinese: twojH

對
4464
对
duì
TODO: Cantonese?
correct, right; facing, opposed
對於
面對
duì yú
miàn duì
regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to
to face; to confront

料

measure (v.)

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤew-s

Middle Chinese: lewH

料
4465
liào
TODO: Cantonese?
consider, conjecture; materials, ingredients
資料
材料
zī liào
cái liào
material/resources/data/information/profile (Internet)/CL:份[fen4],個|个[ge4]
(raw) material/data/(fig.) person who has the potential to do the job

計

calculate

Old Chinese: *kˤij-s

Middle Chinese: kejH

計
4466
计
jì
TODO: Cantonese?
plan, plot; stratagem; scheme
設計
統計
shè jì
tǒng jì
to design; to plan/design; plan
statistics/to count/to add up

癹

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰaːd

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: baːd

發
4467
发
fā
TODO: Cantonese?
issue, dispatch, send out, emit
開發
發表
kāi fā
fā biǎo
to exploit (a resource); to open up (for development); to develop
to issue/to publish

尤

fault; even more

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə

Middle Chinese: hjuw

尤
4468
yóu
TODO: Cantonese?
especially, particularly
尤其
怨天尤人
yóu qí
yuàn tiān yóu rén
especially; particularly
(idiom) to blame the gods and accuse others

入

enter

Old Chinese: *n[u]p

Middle Chinese: nyip

入
4469
rù
TODO: Cantonese?
enter, come in(to), join
進入
加入
jìn rù
jiā rù
to enter/to join/to go into
to become a member/to join/to mix into/to participate in/to add in

討

examine; denounce

Old Chinese: *[t]ʰˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: thawX

討
4470
讨
tǎo
TODO: Cantonese?
to discuss; ask for, beg; demand; dun; marry
討論
研討會
tǎo lùn
yán tǎo huì
to discuss; to talk over
discussion forum/seminar

部

lead (v.), govern

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: buwX

部
4471
bù
TODO: Cantonese?
part, division, section
部分
全部
bù fen
quán bù
part/share/section/piece/CL:個|个[ge4]
whole; all

另

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːŋs

另
4472
lìng
TODO: Cantonese?
another, separate, other
另外
另一方面
lìng wài
lìng yī fāng miàn
additional/in addition/besides/separate/other/moreover/furthermore
on the other hand/another aspect

商

1: musical note

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

2: (place name)

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

3: estimate; business; trader

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

商
4473
shāng
TODO: Cantonese?
commerce, business, trade
廠商
商業
chǎng shāng
shāng yè
manufacturer/producer
business/trade/commerce

繼

continue

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ[e]-s

Middle Chinese: kejH

繼
4474
继
jì
TODO: Cantonese?
continue, maintain, carry on
繼續
相繼
jì xù
xiāng jì
to continue; to proceed with; to go on with
in succession/following closely

信

truthful

Old Chinese: *s-ni[ŋ]-s

Middle Chinese: sinH

信
4475
xìn
TODO: Cantonese?
trust, believe; letter
相信
信心
xiāng xìn
xìn xīn
to believe; to be convinced; to accept as true
confidence/faith (in sb or sth)/CL:個|个[ge4]

負

carry on the back

Old Chinese: *[b]əʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

負
4476
负
fù
TODO: Cantonese?
load, burden; carry, bear
負責
負責人
fù zé
fù zé rén
to be responsible for; to be in charge of; to bear responsibility for/conscientious
person in charge

實

fruit; full

Old Chinese: *mə.li[t]

Middle Chinese: zyit

實
4477
实
shí
TODO: Cantonese?
real, true, solid, honest
實際
實施
shí jì
shí shī
reality/practice/practical/realistic/real/actual
to implement/to carry out

設

set up

Old Chinese: *ŋ̊et

Middle Chinese: syet

設
4478
设
shè
TODO: Cantonese?
build; establish; display; particle of hypothesis, supposing
建設
設立
jiàn shè
shè lì
to build; to construct; to establish; to develop; to institute
to set up; to establish

件

item

Old Chinese: *[g]r[a][n]ʔ (no pre-Qín exx?)

Middle Chinese: gjenX

件
4479
jiàn
TODO: Cantonese?
numerary adjunct for article; matter
條件
事件
tiáo jiàn
shì jiàn
condition; circumstance; term; factor/requirement; prerequisite; qualification/situation; state; condition/CL:個|个[ge4]
event/happening/incident/CL:個|个[ge4]

外

outside

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: ngwajH

外
4480
wài
TODO: Cantonese?
out, outside, external; foreign
此外
之外
cǐ wài
zhī wài
besides; in addition; moreover; furthermore
outside/excluding

就

go to

Old Chinese: *[dz]u[k]-s

Middle Chinese: dzjuwH

就
4481
jiù
TODO: Cantonese?
just, simply; to come, go to; to approach, near
就是
就是說
jiù shì
jiù shì shuō
exactly; precisely/only; simply; just/(used correlatively with 也[ye3]) even; even if
in other words; that is

身

body; self

Old Chinese: *n̥i[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: syin

身
4482
shēn
TODO: Cantonese?
body; trunk, hull; Kangxi radical 158
身體
身為
shēn tǐ
shēn wéi
the body/one's health
in the capacity of/as

男

man, male

Old Chinese: *nˤ[ə]m

Middle Chinese: nom

男
4483
nán
TODO: Cantonese?
male, man; son; baron; surname
男人
男女
nán rén
nán nu:3
a man/a male/men/CL:個|个[ge4]
male-female/male and female

再

twice; a second time

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤə(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: tsojH

再
4484
zài
TODO: Cantonese?
again, twice, re-
不再
再度
bù zài
zài dù
no more; no longer
once more; once again; one more time

報

repay

Old Chinese: *pˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: pawH

報
4485
报
bào
TODO: Cantonese?
report, tell, announce
報導
報告
bào dǎo
bào gào
to report (in the media)/(news) report
to inform/to report/to make known/report/speech/talk/lecture/CL:篇[pian1],份[fen4],個|个[ge4],通[tong4]

目

eye

Old Chinese: *C.m(r)[u]k

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

目
4486
mù
TODO: Cantonese?
eye; look, see; division, topic; Kangxi radical 109
節目
項目
jié mù
xiàng mù
program/item (on a program)/CL:臺|台[tai2],個|个[ge4],套[tao4]
item/project/(sports) event/CL:個|个[ge4]

斷

1: be cut in two

Old Chinese: *N-tˤo[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwanX

2: cut in two

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: twanX

3: cut off; decide

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: twanH

斷
4487
断
duàn
TODO: Cantonese?
sever, cut off; interrupt
不斷
診斷
bù duàn
zhěn duàn
unceasing/uninterrupted/continuous/constant
to diagnose

雙

a pair

Old Chinese: *[s]roŋ

Middle Chinese: sraewng

雙
4488
双
shuāng
TODO: Cantonese?
set of two, pair, couple; both
雙方
雙手
shuāng fāng
shuāng shǒu
bilateral/both sides/both parties involved
both hands

秊

年
4489
nián
TODO: Cantonese?
year; new-years; person's age
年輕
青年
nián qīng
qīng nián
young
youth/youthful years/young person/the young

下

1: down

Old Chinese: *gˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: haeX

2: descend

Old Chinese: *m-gˤraʔ-s

Middle Chinese: haeH

下
4490
xià
TODO: Cantonese?
under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down
之下
留下
zhī xià
liú xià
under/beneath/less than
to leave behind/to stay behind/to remain/to keep/not to let (sb) go

衆

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tjuŋ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tjuŋs

眾
4491
众
zhòng
TODO: Cantonese?
masses, people, multitude, crowd
大眾
大眾
dà zhòng
dà zhòng
Volkswagen (automobile manufacturer)
the masses/the great bulk of the population/popular (of music, science etc)

步

step

Old Chinese: *mə-bˤa-s

Middle Chinese: buH

步
4492
bù
TODO: Cantonese?
step, pace; walk, stroll
進一步
進步
jìn yī bù
jìn bù
to go a step further/(develop, understand, improve etc) more; further
progress; improvement/to improve; to progress/CL:個|个[ge4]

肯

to be willing

Old Chinese: *kʰˤəŋʔ

Middle Chinese: khongX

肯
4493
kěn
TODO: Cantonese?
willing; consent to, permit
肯定
林肯
kěn dìng
lín kěn
to be certain; to be positive/assuredly; definitely/to give recognition; to affirm/affirmative (answer)
Lincoln (name)/Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), US president 1861-1865/Lincoln, US car make

手

hand

Old Chinese: *n̥uʔ

Middle Chinese: syuwX

手
4494
shǒu
TODO: Cantonese?
hand
選手
手法
xuǎn shǒu
shǒu fǎ
athlete/contestant
technique/trick/skill

開

1: to open (v.i.)

Old Chinese: *Nə-[k]ʰˤəj

Middle Chinese: khoj

2: to open (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤəj

Middle Chinese: khoj

開
4495
开,𫔭
kāi
TODO: Cantonese?
open; initiate, begin, start
離開
公開
lí kāi
gōng kāi
to depart; to leave
open; overt; public/to make public; to release

突

1: burst through

Old Chinese: *m-tʰˤut

Middle Chinese: dwot

2: break through; suddenly

Old Chinese: *tʰˤut

Middle Chinese: thwot

突
4496
tū
TODO: Cantonese?
suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly
突然
衝突
tū rán
chōng tū
sudden; abrupt; unexpected
conflict/to conflict/clash of opposing forces/collision (of interests)/contention

印

seal

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]iŋ-s

Middle Chinese: 'jinH

印
4497
yìn
TODO: Cantonese?
print, seal, stamp, chop, mark
印象
印表機
yìn xiàng
yìn biǎo jī
impression (sth that stays in one's mind)/a memory
printer (Tw)

圖

consider

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa

Middle Chinese: du

圖
4498
图
tú
TODO: Cantonese?
diagram; chart, map, picture
圖書館
圖書
tú shū guǎn
tú shū
library/CL:家[jia1],個|个[ge4]
books (in a library or bookstore)/CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]

互

intertwining

Old Chinese: *m-qˤaʔ-s

Middle Chinese: huH

互
4499
hù
TODO: Cantonese?
mutually, reciprocally
互相
互動
hù xiāng
hù dòng
each other/mutually/mutual
to interact/interactive

畢

1: wooden fork

Old Chinese: *pi[t]

Middle Chinese: pjit

2: bird-net

Old Chinese: *pi[t]

Middle Chinese: pjit

3: finish (v.)

Old Chinese: *pi[t]

Middle Chinese: pjit

畢
4500
毕
bì
TODO: Cantonese?
end, finish, conclude; completed; 19th lunar mansion, determinative star ε Tauri (Ain)
畢業
畢竟
bì yè
bì jìng
graduation/to graduate/to finish school
after all/all in all/when all is said and done/in the final analysis

作

1: do, work

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤak

Middle Chinese: tsak

2: do, work

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤak-s

Middle Chinese: tsuH

做
4501
zuò
TODO: Cantonese?
work, make; act
做為
叫做
zuò wéi
jiào zuò
to act as/used erroneously for 作為|作为
to be called; to be known as

旅

military unit of 500 men; to go

Old Chinese: *[r]aʔ

Middle Chinese: ljoX

旅
4502
lu:3
TODO: Cantonese?
trip, journey; travel; traveler; hexagram ䷷
旅遊
旅行
lu:3 yóu
lu:3 xíng
trip/journey/tourism/travel/tour/to travel
to travel/journey; trip/CL:趟[tang4],次[ci4]

水

water; river

Old Chinese: *s.turʔ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: sywijX

水
4503
shuǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
water, liquid, lotion, juice
水準
水泥
shuǐ zhǔn
shuǐ ní
level (of achievement etc)/standard/level (surveying)
cement/CL:袋[dai4]

雔

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: dju

售
4504
shòu
TODO: Cantonese?
sell
銷售
售價
xiāo shòu
shòu jià
to sell/to market/sales (representative, agreement etc)
selling price

進

advance (v.)

Old Chinese: *[ts][i][n]-s

Middle Chinese: tsinH

進
4505
进
jìn
TODO: Cantonese?
advance, make progress, enter
民進黨
改進
mín jìn dǎng
gǎi jìn
DPP (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan)/abbr. for 民主進步黨|民主进步党
to improve; to make better/improvement/CL:個|个[ge4]

市

market (n.)

Old Chinese: *C.[d]əʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyiX

市
4506
shì
TODO: Cantonese?
market, fair; city, town; trade
股市
市長
gǔ shì
shì zhǎng
stock market
mayor

戉

a kind of axe

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: hjwot

越
4507
yuè
TODO: Cantonese?
exceed, go beyond; the more ...
越來越
越南
yuè lái yuè
yuè nán
more and more
Vietnam/Vietnamese

霝

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːŋ

靈
4508
灵
líng
TODO: Cantonese?
spirit, soul; spiritual world
心靈
靈魂
xīn líng
líng hún
bright/smart/quick-witted/heart/thoughts/spirit
soul/spirit

飛

fly (v.)

Old Chinese: *Cə.pə[r] (dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: pj+j

飛
4509
飞
fēi
TODO: Cantonese?
fly; go quickly; dart; high; Kangxi radical 183
飛機
飛行
fēi jī
fēi xíng
airplane/CL:架[jia4]
(of planes etc) to fly/flying/flight/aviation

顯

display, manifest

Old Chinese: *qʰˤenʔ

Middle Chinese: xenX

顯
4510
显
xiǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
manifest, display; evident, clear
顯然
顯得
xiǎn rán
xiǎn de
clearly; evidently; obviously
to seem/to look/to appear

尋

1: warm up

Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m (< *-um ?)

Middle Chinese: zim

2: measure of 8 chǐ 尺

Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m

Middle Chinese: zim

尋
4511
寻
xún
TODO: Cantonese?
seek, search, look for; ancient
尋找
尋求
xún zhǎo
xún qiú
to seek; to look for
to seek; to look for

質

1: hostage; gift

Old Chinese: *[t]ip-s

Middle Chinese: trijH

2: substance, solid part

Old Chinese: *t-lit

Middle Chinese: tsyit

質
4512
质
zhì
TODO: Cantonese?
matter, material, substance
物質
性質
wù zhì
xìng zhì
matter/substance/material/materialistic/CL:個|个[ge4]
nature/characteristic/CL:個|个[ge4]

染

to dye

Old Chinese: *C.n[a]mʔ

Middle Chinese: nyemX

染
4513
rǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
dye; be contagious; infect
污染
感染
wū rǎn
gǎn rǎn
to pollute; to contaminate (lit. and fig.)
to infect; infection/(fig.) to influence

毒

1: poison (n.)

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤuk

Middle Chinese: dowk

2: to poison (v.)

Old Chinese: *m-[d]ˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: dowk

毒
4514
dú
TODO: Cantonese?
poison, venom; poisonous
病毒
毒品
bìng dú
dú pǐn
virus
drugs/narcotics/poison

衛

to guard

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)a[t]-s

Middle Chinese: hjwejH

衛
4515
卫
wèi
TODO: Cantonese?
guard, protect, defend
衛生
衛生局
wèi shēng
wèi shēng jú
health/hygiene/sanitation
health office/bureau of hygiene

臱

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: men

邊
4516
边
biān
TODO: Cantonese?
edge, margin, side, border
一邊
身邊
yī biān
shēn biān
one side/either side/on the one hand/on the other hand/doing while
at one's side/on hand

器

vessel; instrument

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]r[ə][t]-s

Middle Chinese: khijH

器
4517
qì
TODO: Cantonese?
receptacle, vessel; instrument
機器
樂器
jī qì
yuè qì
machine/CL:臺|台[tai2],部[bu4],個|个[ge4]
musical instrument/CL:件[jian4]

配

counterpart; be the counterpart of

Old Chinese: *pʰˤ[ə][j]-s

Middle Chinese: phwojH

配
4518
pèi
TODO: Cantonese?
match, pair; equal; blend
分配
配備
fēn pèi
pèi bèi
to distribute/to assign/to allocate/to partition (a hard drive)
to allocate/to provide/to outfit with

鬳

boiler

Old Chinese: *ŋar-s

Middle Chinese: ngjonH

獻
4519
献
xiàn
TODO: Cantonese?
offer, present; show, display
貢獻
文獻
gòng xiàn
wén xiàn
to contribute/to dedicate/to devote/contribution/CL:個|个[ge4]
document

頪

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: roːds

類
4520
类
lèi
TODO: Cantonese?
class, group, kind, category
類型
鳥類
lèi xíng
niǎo lèi
type; kind; category/(computer programming) type
birds

誩

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡaŋʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡraŋs

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: l̥ʰuːms

競
4521
竞
jìng
TODO: Cantonese?
contend, vie, compete
競爭力
競賽
jìng zhēng lì
jìng sài
competitive strength/competitiveness
to compete; to race/contest; competition; match; race

厶

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sil

私
4522
sī
TODO: Cantonese?
private, personal; secret
私人
私立
sī rén
sī lì
private/personal/interpersonal/sb with whom one has a close personal relationship/a member of one's clique
private (company, school etc)

威

awe-inspiring

Old Chinese: *ʔuj

Middle Chinese: 'jw+j

威
4523
wēi
TODO: Cantonese?
pomp, power; powerful; dominate
科威特
威脅
kē wēi tè
wēi xié
Kuwait
to threaten; to menace

熊

bear (n.)

Old Chinese: *C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm

Middle Chinese: hjuwng

熊
4524
xióng
TODO: Cantonese?
a bear; brilliant; bright; surname
熊貓
熊膽
xióng māo
xióng dǎn
panda/CL:隻|只[zhi1]
bear gall (used in TCM)

患

calamity; distress

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤro[n]-s

Middle Chinese: hwaenH

患
4525
huàn
TODO: Cantonese?
suffer, worry about; suffering
患者
病患
huàn zhě
bìng huàn
patient; sufferer
illness/disease/patient/sufferer

奮

spread wings and fly

Old Chinese: *(Cə.)pə[r]-s (W dialect)

Middle Chinese: pjunH

奮
4526
奋
fèn
TODO: Cantonese?
strive, exert effort; arouse
興奮
奮鬥
xīng fèn
fèn dòu
excited/excitement/(physiology) excitation
to strive; to struggle

慶

happy, rejoice

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]raŋ-s

Middle Chinese: khjaengH

慶
4527
庆
qìng
TODO: Cantonese?
congratulate, celebrate
慶祝
節慶
qìng zhù
jié qìng
to celebrate
festival

走

run

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤoʔ

Middle Chinese: tsuwX

走
4528
zǒu
TODO: Cantonese?
walk, go on foot; run; leave; Kangxi radical 156
走向
走進
zǒu xiàng
zǒu jìn
direction/strike (i.e. angle of inclination in geology)/inclination/trend/to move towards/to head for
to enter

宮

dwelling; palace; note of scale

Old Chinese: *k(r)uŋ

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

宮
4529
宫
gōng
TODO: Cantonese?
palace, temple, dwelling, enclose
故宮
故宮
gù gōng
gù gōng
the Forbidden City/abbr. for 故宮博物院|故宫博物院[Gu4 gong1 Bo2 wu4 yuan4]
former imperial palace

奈

cope with

Old Chinese: *nˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: najH

奈
4530
nài
TODO: Cantonese?
but, how; bear, stand, endure
無奈
無可奈何
wú nài
wú kě nài hé
to have no alternative/frustrated/exasperated/helpless/(conjunction) but unfortunately
have no way out/have no alternative/abbr. to 無奈|无奈[wu2 nai4]

蒐

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sru

蒐
4531
sōu
TODO: Cantonese?
collect, gather, assemble; seek; spring hunt; assemble for war
蒐集
情蒐
sōu jí
qíng sōu
to gather/to collect
intelligence gathering

泰

great

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: thajH

泰
4532
tài
TODO: Cantonese?
great, exalted, superior; big; hexagram ䷊
泰國
泰山
tài guó
tài shān
Thailand/Thai
Mt Tai in Shandong, eastern mountain of the Five Sacred Mountains 五嶽|五岳[Wu3 yue4]

月

moon, month

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: ngjwot

月
4533
yuè
TODO: Cantonese?
moon; month; Kangxi radical 74
月亮
歲月
yuè liang
suì yuè
the moon
years/time

皃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: mreːwɢs

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: mreːwɢ

貌
4534
mào
TODO: Cantonese?
countenance, appearance
風貌
面貌
fēng mào
miàn mào
style/manner/ethos
face; features/appearance; look/CL:個|个[ge4]

送

escort (v.), send

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤoŋ-s

Middle Chinese: suwngH

送
4535
sòng
TODO: Cantonese?
see off, send off; dispatch, give
傳送
移送
chuán sòng
yí sòng
to convey; to deliver; to transmit
to transfer (a case, a person, files etc)

牛

ox

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷə (< uvular?)

Middle Chinese: ngjuw

牛
4536
niú
TODO: Cantonese?
cow, ox, bull; Kangxi radical 93; 9th lunar mansion, determinative star β Capricorni (Dabih)
蝸牛
犀牛
wō niú
xī niú
snail/Taiwan pr. [gua1 niu2]
rhinoceros

亂

disorder, rebellion

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤo[n]-s

Middle Chinese: lwanH

亂
4537
乱
luàn
TODO: Cantonese?
confusion, state of chaos; create chaos, revolt
混亂
動亂
hùn luàn
dòng luàn
confusion/chaos/disorder
turmoil/upheaval/unrest

凷

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰuːds

屆
4538
届
jiè
TODO: Cantonese?
numerary adjunct for time, term
屆時
屆滿
jiè shí
jiè mǎn
when the time comes/at the scheduled time
(of a term of office) to expire

圣

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰuːd

怪
4539
guài
TODO: Cantonese?
strange, unusual, peculiar
難怪
怪異
nán guài
guài yì
(it's) no wonder (that...)/(it's) not surprising (that)
monstrous/strange/strange phenomenon

彚

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢruds

彙
4540
汇
huì
TODO: Cantonese?
collect, compile, assemble; hedgehog
詞彙
彙整
cí huì
huì zhěng
vocabulary/list of words (e.g. for language teaching purposes)/word
to collect and organize (papers etc)/to archive (data)/to summarize (evidence etc)/summary

死

die (v.)

Old Chinese: *sijʔ

Middle Chinese: sijX

死
4541
sǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
die; dead; death
餓死
殺死
è sǐ
shā sǐ
to starve to death/to be very hungry
to kill

盜

steal

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤaw(k)-s

Middle Chinese: dawH

盜
4542
盗
dào
TODO: Cantonese?
rob, steal; thief, bandit
強盜
盜版
qiáng dào
dào bǎn
to rob (with force)/bandit/robber/CL:個|个[ge4]
pirated/illegal/see also 正版[zheng4 ban3]

鬥

quarrel, wrangle

Old Chinese: *tˤok-s

Middle Chinese: tuwH

鬥
4543
斗
dòu
TODO: Cantonese?
struggle, fight, compete, contend; Kangxi radical 191
鬥爭
決鬥
dòu zhēng
jué dòu
a struggle/fight/battle
to duel/a duel/decisive struggle

逐

pursue

Old Chinese: *[l]riwk

Middle Chinese: drjuwk

逐
4544
zhú
TODO: Cantonese?
chase, expel; one by one
逐步
追逐
zhú bù
zhuī zhú
progressively/step by step
to chase/to pursue vigorously

串

custom

Old Chinese: *kˤro[n]-s

Middle Chinese: kwaenH

串
4545
chuàn
TODO: Cantonese?
string; relatives; conspire
一連串
字串
yī lián chuàn
zì chuàn
a succession of/a series of
(computing) character string (Tw)

款

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰloːnʔ

款
4546
kuǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
item, article; clause; fund
貸款
條款
dài kuǎn
tiáo kuǎn
a loan/CL:筆|笔[bi3]/to provide a loan (e.g. bank)/to raise a loan (from e.g. a bank)
clause (of contract or law)/CL:項|项[xiang4]

股

thigh

Old Chinese: *kʷˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: kuX

股
4547
gǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
thighs, haunches, rump; share
股價
股份
gǔ jià
gǔ fèn
stock price/share price
a share (in a company)/stock

初

beginning

Old Chinese: *[ts]ʰra

Middle Chinese: tsrhjo

初
4548
chū
TODO: Cantonese?
beginning, initial, primary
初步
起初
chū bù
qǐ chū
initial/preliminary/tentative
originally; at first; at the outset

郵

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷɯ

郵
4549
邮
yóu
TODO: Cantonese?
postal, mail; post office
郵件
郵票
yóu jiàn
yóu piào
mail/post/email
(postage) stamp/CL:枚[mei2],張|张[zhang1]

替

discard

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: thejH

替
4550
tì
TODO: Cantonese?
change, replace, substitute for
代替
替代
dài tì
tì dài
to replace; to take the place of
to substitute for/to replace/to supersede

抑

1: and, but, or

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ik

Middle Chinese: 'ik

2: rub, repress

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ik

Middle Chinese: 'ik

抑
4551
yì
TODO: Cantonese?
press down, repress; curb, hinder
壓抑
抑制
yā yì
yì zhì
to constrain or repress emotions/oppressive/stifling/depressing/repression
to inhibit/to keep down/to suppress

厚

thick

Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: huwX

厚
4552
hòu
TODO: Cantonese?
thick; substantial; greatly
濃厚
深厚
nóng hòu
shēn hòu
dense/thick (fog, clouds etc)/to have a strong interest in/deep/fully saturated (color)
deep; profound

鼠

rat

Old Chinese: *[l̥]aʔ

Middle Chinese: syoX

鼠
4553
shǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
rat, mouse; Kangxi radical 208
老鼠
松鼠
lǎo shǔ
sōng shǔ
rat; mouse (CL:隻|只[zhi1])
squirrel

幻

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡʷreːns

幻
4554
huàn
TODO: Cantonese?
illusion, fantasy, mirage
幻想
幻燈片
huàn xiǎng
huàn dēng piàn
to fantasize; to imagine/an illusion; a fantasy
slide (photography, presentation software)/filmstrip/transparency

徒

go on foot

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa

Middle Chinese: du

徒
4555
tú
TODO: Cantonese?
disciple, follower; go on foot
歹徒
信徒
dǎi tú
xìn tú
evildoer/malefactor/gangster/hoodlum
believer

啓

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰeːʔ

啟
4556
启
qǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
open; begin
啟用
開啟
qǐ yòng
kāi qǐ
to start using/(computing) to enable (a feature)
to open/to start/(computing) to enable

亮

brightness

Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: ljangH

亮
4557
liàng
TODO: Cantonese?
bright, brilliant, radiant, light
明亮
亮麗
míng liàng
liàng lì
bright/shining/glittering/to become clear
bright and beautiful

災

calamity

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤə

Middle Chinese: tsoj

災
4558
灾
zāi
TODO: Cantonese?
calamity, disaster, catastrophe
災難
火災
zāi nàn
huǒ zāi
disaster; catastrophe
serious fire (in a city or a forest etc)

緐

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ban

繁
4559
fán
TODO: Cantonese?
complicated, complex, difficult
頻繁
繁華
pín fán
fán huá
frequently/often
flourishing/bustling

萈

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡoːn

寬
4560
宽
kuān
TODO: Cantonese?
broad, wide; spacious, vast
放寬
寬廣
fàng kuān
kuān guǎng
to relax (a rule)/to ease (restrictions)/to extend (a time limit)/to let out (a garment)/to expand/to broaden
wide/broad/extensive/vast

幽

dark; secluded

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)iw

Middle Chinese: 'jiw

幽
4561
yōu
TODO: Cantonese?
quiet, secluded, tranquil; dark
幽默
幽浮
yōu mò
yōu fú
(loanword) humor/humorous
UFO (loanword)/unidentified flying object/space ship

晉

Jìn (place name)

Old Chinese: *tsi[n]-s

Middle Chinese: tsinH

晉
4562
晋
jìn
TODO: Cantonese?
advance, increase; promote; hexagram ䷢
晉級
晉升
jìn jí
jìn shēng
to advance in rank/promotion/advancement
to promote to a higher position

畀

give

Old Chinese: *pi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: pjijH

鼻
4563
bí
TODO: Cantonese?
nose; first; Kangxi radical 209
鼻子
鼻孔
bí zi
bí kǒng
nose/CL:個|个[ge4],隻|只[zhi1]
nostril/CL:隻|只[zhi1]

罹

drag into; trouble

Old Chinese: *[r]aj

Middle Chinese: lje

罹
4564
lí
TODO: Cantonese?
sorrow, grief; incur, meet with
罹患
罹難
lí huàn
lí nàn
to suffer (from an illness)/to fall ill
to die in an accident or disaster/to be killed

辭

words

Old Chinese: *sə.lə

Middle Chinese: zi

辭
4565
辞
cí
TODO: Cantonese?
words, speech, expression, phrase
辭職
辭去
cí zhí
cí qù
to resign
to resign/to quit

肉

meat, flesh

Old Chinese: *k.nuk

Middle Chinese: nyuwk

肉
4566
ròu
TODO: Cantonese?
flesh; meat; Kangxi radical 130
肌肉
肉體
jī ròu
ròu tǐ
muscle/flesh
physical body

夒

a kind of monkey

Old Chinese: *nˤu

Middle Chinese: naw

擾
4567
扰
rǎo
TODO: Cantonese?
disturb, annoy, agitate
騷擾
打擾
sāo rǎo
dǎ rǎo
to disturb/to cause a commotion/to harass
to disturb/to bother/to trouble

嵒

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋrɯːm

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋjab

癌
4568
ái
TODO: Cantonese?
cancer; marmoset
肝癌
子宮頸癌
gān ái
zǐ gōng jǐng ái
liver cancer
cervical cancer

革

1: hide, skin

Old Chinese: *kˤrək

Middle Chinese: keak

2: change (v.)

Old Chinese: *kˤrək

Middle Chinese: keak

革
4569
gé
TODO: Cantonese?
leather, animal hides; Kangxi radical 177; hexagram ䷰
變革
革新
biàn gé
gé xīn
to transform/to change
to innovate/innovation

香

fragrance

Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ

Middle Chinese: xjang

香
4570
xiāng
TODO: Cantonese?
fragrant, sweet-smelling; incense; Kangxi radical 186
香水
香味
xiāng shuǐ
xiāng wèi
perfume/cologne
fragrance/bouquet/sweet smell/CL:股[gu3]

晶

bright, limpid

Old Chinese: *tseŋ

Middle Chinese: tsjeng

晶
4571
jīng
TODO: Cantonese?
crystal; clear, bright; radiant
晶片
液晶
jīng piàn
yè jīng
(Tw) (computing) chip; wafer
liquid crystal

索

1: twist a rope

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak

Middle Chinese: sak

2: search (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak

Middle Chinese: sak

索
4572
suǒ
TODO: Cantonese?
large rope, cable; rules, laws; to demand, to exact; to search, inquire; isolated
思索
檢索
sī suǒ
jiǎn suǒ
to think deeply/to ponder
to retrieve (data)/to look up/retrieval/search

肥

fat (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[b][ə]r

Middle Chinese: bj+j

肥
4573
féi
TODO: Cantonese?
fat, plump, obese; fertile
減肥
肥料
jiǎn féi
féi liào
to lose weight
fertilizer/manure

劣

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: rod

劣
4574
liè
TODO: Cantonese?
bad, inferior; slightly
惡劣
優劣
è liè
yōu liè
vile/nasty/of very poor quality
good and bad/merits and drawbacks

孕

pregnant

Old Chinese: *l[i]ŋ-s

Middle Chinese: yingH

孕
4575
yùn
TODO: Cantonese?
be pregnant; pregnancy
懷孕
孕育
huái yùn
yùn yù
pregnant/to have conceived/gestation/pregnancy
to be pregnant/to produce offspring/to nurture (a development, school of thought, artwork etc)/fig. replete with (culture etc)

穿

bore through

Old Chinese: *tʰo[n]

Middle Chinese: tsyhwen

穿
4576
chuān
TODO: Cantonese?
penetrate, pierce, drill; wear
穿上
穿過
chuān shang
chuān guò
to put on (clothes etc)
to pass through

筋

sinew

Old Chinese: *C.[k]ə[n]

Middle Chinese: kj+n

筋
4577
jīn
TODO: Cantonese?
muscles; tendons
腦筋
鋼筋
nǎo jīn
gāng jīn
brains/mind/head/way of thinking
steel reinforcing bar

涉

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: djeb

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: teːb

涉
4578
shè
TODO: Cantonese?
ford stream, wade across
干涉
牽涉
gān shè
qiān shè
to interfere/to meddle/interference
to involve/implicated

肩

shoulder (n.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[n]

Middle Chinese: ken

肩
4579
jiān
TODO: Cantonese?
shoulders; to shoulder; bear
肩膀
肩負
jiān bǎng
jiān fù
shoulder
to shoulder (a burden)/to bear/to suffer (a disadvantage)

豚

1: drag feet; withdraw

Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwonX

2: young pig

Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: dwon

豚
4580
tún
TODO: Cantonese?
small pig, suckling pig; shuffle one's feet
海豚
土豚
hǎi tún
tǔ tún
dolphin
aardvark

閉

close (v.); obstruct

Old Chinese: *pˤi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: pejH

閉
4581
闭
bì
TODO: Cantonese?
shut, close; obstruct, block up
關閉
閉上
guān bì
bì shang
to close; to shut (a window etc)/(of a shop, school etc) to shut down
to close/to shut up

罰

punish

Old Chinese: *[b][a]t

Middle Chinese: bjot

罰
4582
罚
fá
TODO: Cantonese?
penalty, fine; punish, penalize
處罰
罰款
chǔ fá
fá kuǎn
to penalize/to punish
to fine/penalty/fine (monetary)

瓦

roof tile

Old Chinese: *C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: ngwaeX

瓦
4583
wǎ
TODO: Cantonese?
tile; earthenware pottery; girl
瓦解
日內瓦
wǎ jiě
rì nèi wǎ
to collapse; to disintegrate; to crumble/to disrupt; to break up
Geneva, Switzerland

裔

posterity; border

Old Chinese: *l[a][t]-s

Middle Chinese: yejH

裔
4584
yì
TODO: Cantonese?
progeny, descendants, posterity
華裔
後裔
huá yì
hòu yì
ethnic Chinese/non-Chinese citizen of Chinese ancestry
descendant

疊

double, accumulate

Old Chinese: *lˤ[i]p

Middle Chinese: dep

疊
4585
叠
dié
TODO: Cantonese?
repeat, duplicate; repetitious
重疊
三疊紀
chóng dié
sān dié jì
to overlap/to superimpose/to telescope/to run together/to duplicate/one over another/superposition/an overlap/redundancy/reduplication (in Chinese grammar, e.g. 散散步[san4 san4 bu4] to have a stroll)
Triassic (geological period 250-205m years ago)

衍

overflow

Old Chinese: *N-q(r)anʔ

Middle Chinese: yenX

衍
4586
yǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
overflow, spill over, spread out
衍生
繁衍
yǎn shēng
fán yǎn
to give rise to/to derive/derivative/derivation
to multiply/to reproduce/to increase gradually in number or quantity

覓

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: meːɡ

覓
4587
觅
mì
TODO: Cantonese?
seek; search
覓食
尋覓
mì shí
xún mì
to forage/to hunt for food/to scavenge/fig. to make a living
to look for

尖

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔslem

尖
4588
jiān
TODO: Cantonese?
sharp, pointed, acute, keen
頂尖
尖峰
dǐng jiān
jiān fēng
peak/apex/world best/number one/finest (competitors)/top (figures in a certain field)
sharp peak (landform)/(fig.) peak/spike

乖

oppose; disorder

Old Chinese: *kʷˤrəj

Middle Chinese: kweaj

乖
4589
guāi
TODO: Cantonese?
rebel; crafty, shrewd
乖乖
乖乖
guāi guāi
guāi guai
(of a child) well-behaved/obediently/(term of endearment for a child) darling/sweetie
goodness gracious!/oh my lord!

截

cut, trim

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤet

Middle Chinese: dzet

截
4590
jié
TODO: Cantonese?
cut off, stop, obstruct, intersect
截止
截至
jié zhǐ
jié zhì
to close/to stop/to put a stop to sth/cut-off point/stopping point/deadline
up to (a time)/by (a time)

罪

crime, offense

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤujʔ

Middle Chinese: dzwojX

罪
4591
zuì
TODO: Cantonese?
crime, sin, vice; evil; hardship
得罪
罪名
dé zuì
zuì míng
to commit an offense/to violate the law/excuse me! (formal)/see also 得罪[de2 zui5]
charge; accusation/stigma; bad name; stained reputation

鳴

cry (of birds or animals)

Old Chinese: *m.reŋ

Middle Chinese: mjaeng

鳴
4592
鸣
míng
TODO: Cantonese?
cry of bird or animal; make sound
共鳴
鳴叫
gòng míng
míng jiào
(physics) to resonate; resonance/sympathetic response
to emit a sound/(of birds, insects etc) to chirp, hoot etc/(of a siren, steam whistle etc) to sound

凸

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: dɯːd

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: duːd

凸
4593
tū
TODO: Cantonese?
protrude, bulge out, convex
凸顯
凹凸不平
tū xiǎn
āo tū bù píng
to present clearly/to give prominence to/to magnify/clear and obvious
uneven (surface); bumpy (road)

奪

seize

Old Chinese: *Cə.lˤot

Middle Chinese: dwat

奪
4594
夺
duó
TODO: Cantonese?
take by force, rob, snatch
奪得
爭奪
duó dé
zhēng duó
to take (after a struggle)/to wrest/to seize/to capture/to win (a trophy)
to fight over/to contest/to vie over

廛

farmyard

Old Chinese: *[d]ra[n]

Middle Chinese: drjen

纏
4595
缠
chán
TODO: Cantonese?
wrap, wind around; tie, bind
糾纏
纏足
jiū chán
chán zú
to be in a tangle/to nag
foot-binding

銜

a bit

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤr[a]m

Middle Chinese: haem

銜
4596
衔
xián
TODO: Cantonese?
bit; hold in mouth, bite; gag
銜接
頭銜
xián jiē
tóu xián
to link up; to connect; to join
title/rank/appellation

虔

kill; cut (v.)

Old Chinese: *[g]ra[n]

Middle Chinese: gjen

虔
4597
qián
TODO: Cantonese?
act with reverence; reverent
虔誠
敬虔
qián chéng
jìng qián
pious/devout/sincere
devout

三

1: three

Old Chinese: *s.rum (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: sam

2: three times

Old Chinese: *s.r[u]m-s (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: samH

三
4598
sān
TODO: Cantonese?
three
大三
再三
dà sān
zài sān
third-year university student
over and over again/again and again

寡

few

Old Chinese: *[C.k]ʷˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: kwaeX

寡
4599
guǎ
TODO: Cantonese?
widowed; alone, friendless
多寡
寡婦
duō guǎ
guǎ fu
number; amount
widow

卉

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hmɯlʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hmɯls

卉
4600
huì
TODO: Cantonese?
general term for plants; myriads
花卉
奇花異卉
huā huì
qí huā yì huì
flowers and plants
exotic flowers and rare herbs (idiom)

帥

leader (of an army)

Old Chinese: *s-rut-s

Middle Chinese: srwijH

帥
4601
帅
shuài
TODO: Cantonese?
commander, commander-in-chief
元帥
掛帥
yuán shuài
guà shuài
marshal (in the army)
to be in command/(fig.) to dominate over other considerations; to be given overemphasis

拋

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰreːw

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰreːws

拋
4602
抛
pāo
TODO: Cantonese?
throw (away), abandon, reject
拋棄
拋磚引玉
pāo qì
pāo zhuān yǐn yù
to abandon/to discard/to renounce/to dump (sb)
lit. throw out a brick and get jade thrown back (idiom)/fig. to attract others' interest or suggestions by putting forward one's own modest ideas to get the ball rolling

薩

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: saːd

薩
4603
萨
sà
TODO: Cantonese?
transliteration of 'sat' in 'bodhisattva,' etc.
哈薩克
哈薩克人
hā sà kè
hā sà kè rén
Kazakhstan/Kazakh ethnic group in PRC
Kazakh person/Kazakh people

玉

jade

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)ok (< uvular?)

Middle Chinese: ngjowk

玉
4604
yù
TODO: Cantonese?
jade, precious stone, gem
玉器
玉山
yù qì
yù shān
jade artifact
Mount Yu, the highest mountain in Taiwan (3952 m)

套

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰaːw

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰaːws

套
4605
tào
TODO: Cantonese?
case, cover, wrapper, envelope
套牢
外套
tào láo
wài tào
to immobilize with a lasso/to be trapped in the stock market
coat/jacket/CL:件[jian4]

屚

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: roːs

漏
4606
lòu
TODO: Cantonese?
leak, drip; funnel; hour glass
漏洞
遺漏
lòu dòng
yí lòu
leak/hole/gap/loophole
to overlook/to miss/to omit

憩

rest (v.)

Old Chinese: *C.qʰa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: khjejH

憩
4607
qì
TODO: Cantonese?
rest, take rest
休憩
小憩
xiū qì
xiǎo qì
to rest/to relax/to take a break
to rest for a bit/to take a breather

淵

abyss

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ʷˤi[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: 'wen

淵
4608
渊
yuān
TODO: Cantonese?
gulf, abyss, deep
淵源
深淵
yuān yuán
shēn yuān
origin/source/relationship
abyss

冶

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: laːʔ

冶
4609
yě
TODO: Cantonese?
smelt, fuse metals; cast, found
陶冶
冶天
táo yě
yě tiān
lit. to fire pots and smelt metal/fig. to educate
ATI, brand name of AMD graphics cards

耴

hanging ears (used as N.Pr.)

Old Chinese: *t-nrep

Middle Chinese: trjep

輒
4610
辄
zhé
TODO: Cantonese?
then; each; rack on chariot for luggage or weapons
動輒
動輒得咎
dòng zhé
dòng zhé dé jiù
easily/readily/frequently/at every turn/at the slightest pretext
faulted at every turn (idiom); can't get anything right

臿

pestle

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]op

Middle Chinese: tsrheap

插
4611
chā
TODO: Cantonese?
insert, stick into; plant
插入
插花
chā rù
chā huā
to insert; to stick in; to plug in
flower arranging/ikebana

旉

敷
4612
fū
TODO: Cantonese?
spread, diffuse; apply, paint
敷衍
倉敷
fū yǎn
cāng fū
to elaborate (on a theme)/to expound (the classics)/perfunctory/to skimp/to botch/to do sth half-heartedly or just for show/barely enough to get by
Kurashiki, city in Okayama Prefecture 岡山縣|冈山县[Gang1 shan1 xian4], Japan

秉

grasp

Old Chinese: *praŋʔ

Middle Chinese: pjaengX

秉
4613
bǐng
TODO: Cantonese?
grasp, hold; bundle; authority
秉持
一秉虔誠
bǐng chí
yī bǐng qián chéng
to uphold/to hold fast to
earnestly and sincerely (idiom); devoutly

犬

dog

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: khwenX

犬
4614
quǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
dog; radical number 94
導盲犬
㹴犬
dǎo máng quǎn
gēng quǎn
guide dog (for the blind)/Seeing Eye dog
terrier

棘

thorns

Old Chinese: *krək

Middle Chinese: kik

棘
4615
jí
TODO: Cantonese?
jujube tree; thorns, brambles
棘手
披荊斬棘
jí shǒu
pī jīng zhǎn jí
thorny (problem)/intractable
lit. to cut one's way through thistles and thorns (idiom)/fig. to overcome all obstacles on the way/to break through hardships/to blaze a new trail

鬱

blocked; anxious

Old Chinese: *qut

Middle Chinese: 'jut

鬱
4616
郁
yù
TODO: Cantonese?
luxuriant; dense, thick; moody
憂鬱
躁鬱症
yōu yù
zào yù zhèng
sullen; depressed; melancholy; dejected
bipolar disorder

龖

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: l'ɯːb

襲
4617
袭
xí
TODO: Cantonese?
raid, attack; inherit
侵襲
來襲
qīn xí
lái xí
to invade/to assail/onslaught
to invade/(of a storm etc) to strike/to hit

耍

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰʷraːʔ

耍
4618
shuǎ
TODO: Cantonese?
frolic, play, amuse, play with
玩耍
嬉耍
wán shuǎ
xī shuǎ
to play (as children do)/to amuse oneself
to play

傻

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰʷraːʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰʷraːs

傻
4619
shǎ
TODO: Cantonese?
foolish, silly, stupid; an imbecile
傻瓜
傻子
shǎ guā
shǎ zi
idiot/fool
idiot/fool

牧

to herd, herdsman

Old Chinese: *mək

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

牧
4620
mù
TODO: Cantonese?
tend cattle, shepherd
牧場
牧師
mù chǎng
mù shī
pasture/grazing land/ranch
chaplain/churchman/clergyman/parson/pastor/priest/rector

豙

enraged boar

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ə[t]-s

Middle Chinese: ngj+jH

毅
4621
yì
TODO: Cantonese?
resolute, decisive, firm, persist
毅力
毅然
yì lì
yì rán
perseverance/willpower
firmly/resolutely/without hesitation

乳

milk; nipple

Old Chinese: *noʔ

Middle Chinese: nyuX

乳
4622
rǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
breast, nipples; milk, suckle
乳酪
乳癌
rǔ lào
rǔ ái
cheese
breast cancer

兔

rabbit, hare

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤa-s

Middle Chinese: thuH

兔
4623
tù
TODO: Cantonese?
rabbit, hare
兔子
野兔
tù zi
yě tù
hare/rabbit/CL:隻|只[zhi1]
hare

冤

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qon

冤
4624
yuān
TODO: Cantonese?
grievance, injustice, wrong
冤枉
不是冤家不聚頭
yuān wang
bù shì yuān jiā bù jù tóu
to accuse wrongly/to treat unjustly/injustice/wronged/not worthwhile
destiny will make enemies meet (idiom)/(often said about lovers who have a disagreement)

煩

troubled

Old Chinese: *[b]a[n]

Middle Chinese: bjon

煩
4625
烦
fán
TODO: Cantonese?
bother, vex, trouble; troublesome
不耐煩
厭煩
bù nài fán
yàn fán
impatient/to lose patience
bored; fed up with sth; sick of sth

轟

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷreːŋ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷreːŋs

轟
4626
轰
hōng
TODO: Cantonese?
rumble, explosion, blast
轟動
轟隆
hōng dòng
hōng lōng
to cause a sensation/to create a stir in (a place)/commotion/controversy
(onom.) rumbling/rolling

津

ford (n.)

Old Chinese: *[ts]i[n]

Middle Chinese: tsin

津
4627
jīn
TODO: Cantonese?
ferry; saliva; ford
津貼
牛津
jīn tiē
niú jīn
allowance
Oxford (city in England)

閃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hljamʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hljams

閃
4628
闪
shǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
flash; avoid, dodge, evade
閃閃
閃光燈
shǎn shǎn
shǎn guāng dēng
flickering; sparkling; glistening; glittering
flash bulb (photography)

壺

flask

Old Chinese: *[g](ʷ)ˤa

Middle Chinese: hu

壺
4629
壶
hú
TODO: Cantonese?
jar, pot, jug, vase; surname
茶壺
水壺
chá hú
shuǐ hú
teapot/CL:把[ba3]
kettle/canteen/watering can

履

tread on; sandal

Old Chinese: *[r]ijʔ

Middle Chinese: lijX

履
4630
lu:3
TODO: Cantonese?
footwear, shoes; walk on, tread; hexagram ䷉
履行
履歷表
lu:3 xíng
lu:3 lì biǎo
to fulfill (one's obligations)/to carry out (a task)/to implement (an agreement)/to perform
curriculum vitae (CV)/resume

棄

throw away, abandon

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: khjijH

棄
4631
弃
qì
TODO: Cantonese?
reject, abandon, discard
廢棄
捨棄
fèi qì
shě qì
to discard/to abandon (old ways)/to invalidate
to give up/to abandon/to abort

闖

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shraŋʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: l̥ʰɯms

闖
4632
闯
chuǎng
TODO: Cantonese?
rush in, burst in, charge in
闖入
闖進
chuǎng rù
chuǎng jìn
to intrude/to charge in/to gate-crash
to burst in

丹

cinnabar

Old Chinese: *tˤan

Middle Chinese: tan

丹
4633
dān
TODO: Cantonese?
cinnabar (native HgS); vermilion (artificial HgS used as pigment)
丹麥
丹佛
dān mài
dān fó
Denmark
Denver, Colorado

稚

young

Old Chinese: *lrəj-s

Middle Chinese: drijH

稚
4634
zhì
TODO: Cantonese?
young, immature; childhood
幼稚
甜稚
yòu zhì
tián zhì
young/childish/puerile
sweet and innocent

肁

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: dawʔ

肇
4635
zhào
TODO: Cantonese?
begin, commence, originate
肇事
丁肇中
zhào shì
dīng zhào zhōng
to cause an accident/to be responsible for an incident/to provoke a disturbance
Samuel C. C. Ting (1936-), American physicist, 1976 Nobel Prize laureate in physics

鼎

cauldron

Old Chinese: *tˤeŋʔ

Middle Chinese: tengX

鼎
4636
dǐng
TODO: Cantonese?
large, three-legged bronze caldron; Kangxi radical 206; hexagram ䷱
鼎盛
一言九鼎
dǐng shèng
yī yán jiǔ dǐng
thriving/flourishing
one word worth nine sacred tripods (idiom); words of enormous weight

徙

move (to)

Old Chinese: *[s]ajʔ

Middle Chinese: sjeX

徙
4637
xǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
move one's abode, shift, migrate
遷徙
曲突徙薪
qiān xǐ
qū tū xǐ xīn
to migrate/to move
lit. to bend the chimney and remove the firewood (to prevent fire) (idiom)/fig. to take preventive measures

矗

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hr'uɡ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shruɡ

矗
4638
chù
TODO: Cantonese?
straight, upright, erect, lofty
矗立
高矗
chù lì
gāo chù
to tower/standing tall and upright (of large building)
towering

糞

manure, dirt

Old Chinese: *p[u]r-s

Middle Chinese: pjunH

糞
4639
粪
fèn
TODO: Cantonese?
manure, dung, night soil
糞便
倒糞
fèn biàn
dào fèn
excrement/feces/night soil
to turn over manure/fig. to offend others by endlessly repeating unpleasant remarks

塵

dust (n.)

Old Chinese: *[d]rə[n]

Middle Chinese: drin

塵
4640
尘
chén
TODO: Cantonese?
dust, dirt, ashes, cinders
灰塵
紅塵
huī chén
hóng chén
dust
the world of mortals (Buddhism)/human society/worldly affairs

劫

rob

Old Chinese: *k(r)ap

Middle Chinese: kjaep

劫
4641
jié
TODO: Cantonese?
take by force, coerce; disaster
搶劫
浩劫
qiǎng jié
hào jié
to rob/looting
calamity/catastrophe/apocalypse

匚

container, box (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *paŋ

Middle Chinese: pjang

匠
4642
jiàng
TODO: Cantonese?
craftsman, artisan; workman
木匠
工匠
mù jiàng
gōng jiàng
carpenter
artisan/smith

鬧

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: rnaːws

鬧
4643
闹
nào
TODO: Cantonese?
quarrel; dispute hotly
吵鬧
胡鬧
chǎo nào
hú nào
noisy/raucous/to shout and scream
to act willfully and make a scene/to make trouble

牢

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ruː

牢
4644
láo
TODO: Cantonese?
prison; stable, pen; secure
坐牢
牢騷
zuò láo
láo sāo
to be imprisoned
discontent/complaint/to complain

舟

boat

Old Chinese: *tu

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

舟
4645
zhōu
TODO: Cantonese?
boat, ship; Kangxi radical 137
舟山
獨木舟
zhōu shān
dú mù zhōu
Zhoushan, prefecture-level city in Zhejiang (consisting solely of islands)/formerly Dinghai 定海
dugout/canoe/kayak

霍

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷaːɡ

霍
4646
huò
TODO: Cantonese?
quickly, suddenly; surname
霍亂
伊金霍洛
huò luàn
yī jīn huò luò
cholera
Ejin Horo banner (Ejen Khoruu khoshuu) in Ordos prefecture 鄂爾多斯|鄂尔多斯[E4 er3 duo1 si1], Inner Mongolia

佾

row of dancers

Old Chinese: *[N.]r[i]t

Middle Chinese: yit

屑
4647
xiè
TODO: Cantonese?
bits, scraps, crumbs, fragments
不屑
不屑一顧
bù xiè
bù xiè yī gù
to disdain to do sth/to think sth not worth doing/to feel it beneath one's dignity
to disdain as beneath contempt (idiom)

傘

umbrella, parasol

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤarʔ

Middle Chinese: sanX

傘
4648
伞
sǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
umbrella, parasol, parachute
雨傘
陽傘
yǔ sǎn
yáng sǎn
umbrella/CL:把[ba3]
parasol

嘼

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰlus

獸
4649
兽
shòu
TODO: Cantonese?
beast, animal; bestial
野獸
猛獸
yě shòu
měng shòu
beast/wild animal
ferocious beast/fierce animal

牽

pull, lead, drag

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤi[n]

Middle Chinese: khen

牽
4650
牵
qiān
TODO: Cantonese?
drag, pull, lead by hand
牽制
牽連
qiān zhì
qiān lián
to control/to curb/to restrict/to impede/to pin down (enemy troops)
to implicate/implicated/to link together

兢

cautious

Old Chinese: *k(r)əŋ

Middle Chinese: king

兢
4651
jīng
TODO: Cantonese?
fearful, cautious, wary
戰戰兢兢
兢兢業業
zhàn zhàn jīng jīng
jīng jīng yè yè
trembling with fear/with fear and trepidation
(idiom) conscientious/assiduous

隙

crack (n.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰrak

Middle Chinese: khjaek

隙
4652
xì
TODO: Cantonese?
crack, split, fissure; grudge
空隙
乘隙
kòng xì
chéng xì
crack/gap between two objects/gap in time between two events
to seize an opportunity/to exploit (a loophole)

呆

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tɯː

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋɯː

呆
4653
dāi
TODO: Cantonese?
dull; dull-minded, simple, stupid
呆帳
呆板
dāi zhàng
dāi bǎn
bad debt
stiff/inflexible/also pr. [ai2 ban3]

竊

steal

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ˤet

Middle Chinese: tshet

竊
4654
窃
qiè
TODO: Cantonese?
secretly, stealthily; steal; thief
行竊
竊賊
xíng qiè
qiè zéi
to steal/to commit a robbery
thief

陝

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hljemʔ

陝
4655
陕
shǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
mountain pass; Shaanxi province
陝西
寧陝
shǎn xī
níng shǎn
Shaanxi province (Shensi) in northwest China, abbr. 陝|陕[Shan3] or 秦[Qin2], capital Xi'an 西安[Xi1 an1]
Ningshan County in Ankang 安康[An1 kang1], Shaanxi

岳

mountain, peak

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ˤrok

Middle Chinese: ngaewk

岳
4656
yuè
TODO: Cantonese?
mountain peak; surname
岳飛
叔岳
yuè fēi
shū yuè
Yue Fei (1103-1142), Song dynasty patriot and general
wife's uncle

彪

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: prɯw

彪
4657
biāo
TODO: Cantonese?
tiger; tiger stripes; tiger-like
林彪
彪休
lín biāo
biāo xiū
Lin Biao (1908-1971), Chinese army leader at time of the Cultural Revolution
angry/wrathful

爽

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sraŋʔ

爽
4658
shuǎng
TODO: Cantonese?
happy, cheerful; refreshing
清爽
爽朗
qīng shuǎng
shuǎng lǎng
fresh and cool/relaxed
clear and bright (of weather)/straightforward/candid/open

秤

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰjɯŋs

秤
4659
chèng
TODO: Cantonese?
balance, scale, steelyard
天秤座
天秤
tiān chèng zuò
tiān chèng
Libra (constellation and sign of the zodiac)
balance scale/Taiwan pr. [tian1 ping2]

隻

single

Old Chinese: *tek

Middle Chinese: tsyek

隻
4660
只
zhī
TODO: Cantonese?
single, one of pair, lone; measure word
隻身
三隻手
zhī shēn
sān zhī shǒu
alone; by oneself
pickpocket

侃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰaːnʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰaːns

侃
4661
kǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
upright and strong; amiable
侃侃而談
調侃
kǎn kǎn ér tán
tiáo kǎn
to speak frankly with assurance
to ridicule/to tease/to mock/idle talk/chitchat

牡

male

Old Chinese: *m(r)uʔ

Middle Chinese: muwX

牡
4662
mǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
male of animals; bolt of door
牡丹
牡丹
mǔ dan
mǔ dan
Mudan District of Heze City 菏澤市|菏泽市[He2 ze2 Shi4], Shandong/Mutan township in Pingtung County 屏東縣|屏东县[Ping2 dong1 Xian4], Taiwan
tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)

禿

bald

Old Chinese: *[tʰ]ˤok

Middle Chinese: thuwk

禿
4663
秃
tū
TODO: Cantonese?
bald, bare, stripped
光禿禿
禿頭
guāng tū tū
tū tóu
bald; bare (no hair, no leaves, no vegetation etc)
to bare one's head; to be bareheaded/to go bald/bald head/bald person

仄

slanting, oblique

Old Chinese: *[ts]rək

Middle Chinese: tsrik

仄
4664
zè
TODO: Cantonese?
slanting, oblique; oblique tones
平仄
仄徑
píng zè
zè jìng
level and oblique tones (technical term for Classical Chinese rhythmic poetry)
narrow path

囂

clamor, many voices; arrogant

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ˤaw

Middle Chinese: ngaw

囂
4665
嚣
xiāo
TODO: Cantonese?
be noisy; treat with contempt
囂張
喧囂
xiāo zhāng
xuān xiāo
rampant/unbridled/arrogant/aggressive
to clamor; to make noise

吝

stingy

Old Chinese: *mə.rə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: linH

吝
4666
lìn
TODO: Cantonese?
stingy, miserly, parsimonious
吝嗇
不吝
lìn sè
bù lìn
stingy; mean; miserly
not to stint; to be generous (with praise etc); to be prepared to (pay a fee, give of one's time etc)

姦

wicked(ness)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤran

Middle Chinese: kaen

姦
4667
奸
jiān
TODO: Cantonese?
adultery, debauchery; debauch
強姦
作姦犯科
qiáng jiān
zuò jiān fàn kē
to rape
to flout the law

歰

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: srɯb

澀
4668
涩
sè
TODO: Cantonese?
astringent; harsh; uneven, rough
苦澀
羞澀
kǔ sè
xiū sè
bitter and astringent/pained/agonized
shy; bashful

焚

burn (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b]u[n]

Middle Chinese: bjun

焚
4669
fén
TODO: Cantonese?
burn
焚化
焚燒
fén huà
fén shāo
to cremate
to burn/to set on fire

耿

brilliant; wide awake

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤreŋʔ

Middle Chinese: keangX

耿
4670
gěng
TODO: Cantonese?
bright, shining; have guts
耿耿於懷
忠心耿耿
gěng gěng yú huái
zhōng xīn gěng gěng
to take troubles to heart (idiom); brooding
loyal and devoted (idiom); faithful and true

陡

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: toːʔ

陡
4671
dǒu
TODO: Cantonese?
steep, sloping; abruptly, sudden
陡然
陡削
dǒu rán
dǒu xiāo
suddenly/unexpectedly/abruptly/precipitously/stumbling
precipitous

矍

anxious look

Old Chinese: *C.qʷ(r)ak

Middle Chinese: kjwak

攫
4672
jué
TODO: Cantonese?
snatch away, seize; catch with
攫取
攫奪
jué qǔ
jué duó
to seize/to capture/to grab
to seize/to pillage/to plunder

丵

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zroːwɢ

鑿
4673
凿
záo
TODO: Cantonese?
chisel; bore, pierce
開鑿
妄生穿鑿
kāi záo
wàng shēng chuān záo
to cut (a canal, tunnel, well etc)
a forced analogy (idiom); to jump to an unwarranted conclusion

兜

helmet, hood

Old Chinese: *tˤo

Middle Chinese: tuw

兜
4674
dōu
TODO: Cantonese?
pouch
兜風
兜兒
dōu fēng
dōu r5
to catch the wind/to go for a spin in the fresh air
erhua variant of 兜[dou1]

馭

drive a chariot

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)a-s

Middle Chinese: ngjoH

馭
4675
驭
yù
TODO: Cantonese?
drive, ride; manage, control
駕馭
以一馭萬
jià yù
yǐ yī yù wàn
to urge on (of horse)/to drive/to steer/to handle/to manage/to master/to dominate
to control a key point is to be master of the situation (idiom)

丫

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qraː

丫
4676
yā
TODO: Cantonese?
forked; bifurcation
丫頭
丫巴兒
yā tou
yā bā r5
girl/servant girl/(used deprecatingly, but sometimes also as a term of endearment)
fork (of a tree, road, argument etc)/bifurcation/fork junction

嫩

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: nuːns

嫩
4677
nèn
TODO: Cantonese?
soft, tender, delicate; young
嫩芽
嫩主
nèn yá
nèn zhǔ
tender shoots
newbie

孑

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ked

孑
4678
jié
TODO: Cantonese?
remaining, left-over; lonely
孑孓
孑孑
jié jué
jié jié
mosquito larva
outstanding/conspicuous/prominent/tiny

孓

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʷoŋʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʷad

孓
4679
jué
TODO: Cantonese?
beautiful
孓
孑孓
jué
jié jué
used in 孑孓[jie2 jue2]
mosquito larva

畝

Chinese acre

Old Chinese: *məʔ (< *mˤoʔ ?)

Middle Chinese: muwX

畝
4680
亩
mǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
Chinese land measure; fields
英畝
一畝三分地
yīng mǔ
yī mǔ sān fēn dì
acre
a piece of land of 1.3 mu 畝|亩[mu3]/(fig.) one's turf

穴

cave, pit

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]

Middle Chinese: hwet

穴
4681
xué
TODO: Cantonese?
cave, den, hole; Kangxi radical 116
墓穴
八會穴
mù xué
bā huì xué
tomb/grave
the eight influential points (acupuncture)

羈

bridle, halter

Old Chinese: *kraj

Middle Chinese: kje

羈
4682
羁
jī
TODO: Cantonese?
halter; restrain, hold, control
羈押
不羈
jī yā
bù jī
to detain/to take into custody/detention/imprisonment
unruly/uninhibited

丏

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: meːnʔ

麪
4683
miàn
TODO: Cantonese?
flour, noodles, dough

丸

1: pellet; ball

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤar

Middle Chinese: hwan

2: 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *ɦʷˤar (< *[ɢ]ʷˤar)

Middle Chinese: hwan

丸
4684
wán
TODO: Cantonese?
small round object; pellet, pill
丸劑
丸子
wán jì
wán zi
pill
pills/balls/meatballs

乩

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kiː

乩
4685
jī
TODO: Cantonese?
to divine
乩童
扶乩
jī tóng
fú jī
spirit medium
planchette writing/to do planchette writing

兕

rhinoceros (or water buffalo?)

Old Chinese: *[s.ɢ]ijʔ

Middle Chinese: zijX

兕
4686
sì
TODO: Cantonese?
a female rhinoceros
兕觥
兕
sì gōng
sì
ancient type of drinking vessel
animal cited in ancient texts, resembling a buffalo (some say rhinoceros or female rhinoceros)

兮

(final particle)

Old Chinese: *gˤe

Middle Chinese: hej

兮
4687
xī
TODO: Cantonese?
exclamatory particle
兮兮
可憐兮兮
xī xī
kě lián xī xī
(particle used to exaggerate certain adjectives, in particular 神經兮兮|神经兮兮, 髒兮兮|脏兮兮, 可憐兮兮|可怜兮兮, and 慘兮兮|惨兮兮)
miserable/wretched

冗

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njoŋʔ

宂
4688
rǒng
TODO: Cantonese?
scattered, mixed affairs; duties; occupation business

卅

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːb

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: soːb

卅
4689
sà
TODO: Cantonese?
thirty, thirtieth
五卅
五卅運動
wǔ sà
wǔ sà yùn dòng
abbr. for 五卅運動|五卅运动[wu3 sa4 yun4 dong4], The May Thirtieth Movement (1925)
anti-imperialist movement of 30th May 1925, involving general strike esp. in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong etc

卞

law

Old Chinese: *[b]ro[n]-s

Middle Chinese: bjenH

卞
4690
biàn
TODO: Cantonese?
to be impatient, in a hurry; excitable
卞
biàn
hurried

叵

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pkʰaːlʔ

叵
4691
pǒ
TODO: Cantonese?
cannot, be unable do, improbable; thereupon
叵測
居心叵測
pǒ cè
jū xīn pǒ cè
unfathomable/unpredictable/treacherous
harboring unfathomable motives (idiom)

吠

bark (v.)

Old Chinese: *Cə.bo[t]-s

Middle Chinese: bjojH

吠
4692
fèi
TODO: Cantonese?
bark
吠叫
吠陀
fèi jiào
fèi tuó
to bark/to yelp
Vedas (Hindu sacred writings or legends)

咎

fault, blame (n.)

Old Chinese: *[g](r)uʔ

Middle Chinese: gjuwX

咎
4693
jiù
TODO: Cantonese?
fault, defect; error, mistake
不咎既往
任咎
bù jiù jì wǎng
rèn jiù
not censure sb for his past misdeeds/overlook sb's past mistakes/let bygones be bygones
to take the blame

啚

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: prɯʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: daː

鄙
4694
bǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
mean; low
卑鄙
卑鄙齷齪
bēi bǐ
bēi bǐ wò chuò
base/mean/contemptible/despicable
sordid and contemptible (idiom); vile and repulsive (esp. character or action)

坤

earth (trigram or hexagram)

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: khwon

坤
4695
kūn
TODO: Cantonese?
earth; feminine, female; trigram ☷; hexagram ䷁
坤包
坤甸
kūn bāo
kūn diàn
woman's handbag or shoulder bag
Pontianak city, capital of West Kalimantan, Indonesia

壑

moat; canal

Old Chinese: *qʰˤak

Middle Chinese: xak

壑
4696
hè
TODO: Cantonese?
bed of torrent, narrow ravine
丘壑
以鄰為壑
qiū hè
yǐ lín wéi hè
hills and valleys/remote, secluded area
to use one's neighbor as a drain/to shift one's problems onto others (idiom)

夐

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷeːns

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷeŋs

瓊
4697
琼
qióng
TODO: Cantonese?
jade; rare, precious; elegant
仙山瓊閣
布瓊布拉
xiān shān qióng gé
bù qióng bù lā
jeweled palace in the fairy mountain
Bujumbura, capital of Burundi

夙

early morning

Old Chinese: *[s]uk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

夙
4698
sù
TODO: Cantonese?
early in morning, dawn; previous
夙世
夙夜
sù shì
sù yè
previous life
morning and night/always/at all times

妃

consort; match

Old Chinese: *pʰ[ə][j]

Middle Chinese: phj+j

妃
4699
fēi
TODO: Cantonese?
wife, spouse; imperial concubine
后妃
太妃糖
hòu fēi
tài fēi táng
imperial wives and concubines
(loanword) toffee; taffy

孟

eldest, great

Old Chinese: *mˤraŋ-s

Middle Chinese: maengH

錳
4700
锰
měng
TODO: Cantonese?
manganese (element 25, Mn)
二氧化錳
錳礦
èr yǎng huà měng
měng kuàng
manganese(iv) oxide
manganese ore

宋

(place name)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤuŋ-s

Middle Chinese: sowngH

宋
4701
sòng
TODO: Cantonese?
Song dynasty; surname
仿宋
傑瑞·宋飛
fǎng sòng
jié ruì · sòng fēi
imitation Song dynasty typeface/Fangsong font
Jerry Seinfeld

宦

servant

Old Chinese: *m-kʷˤa[n]-s

Middle Chinese: hwaenH

宦
4702
huàn
TODO: Cantonese?
officialdom, government official
官宦
官宦人家
guān huàn
guān huàn rén jiā
functionary/official
family of a functionary (i.e. educated middle class in Qing times)

寇

rob; robber

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤ(r)o-s

Middle Chinese: khuwH

寇
4703
kòu
TODO: Cantonese?
bandits, thieves; enemy; invade
勝者王侯敗者寇
司寇
shèng zhě wáng hóu bài zhě kòu
sī kòu
the winners become princes and marquises; the losers are vilified as bandits (idiom)/history is written by the victors
two-character surname Sikou

岔

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shraːs

岔
4704
chà
TODO: Cantonese?
diverge, branch off; fork in road
三岔口
出岔子
sān chà kǒu
chū chà zi
At the Crossroads, famous opera, based on a story from 水滸傳|水浒传[Shui3 hu3 Zhuan4]
to go wrong/to take a wrong turning

嵩

high

Old Chinese: *[s]uŋ

Middle Chinese: sjuwng

嵩
4705
sōng
TODO: Cantonese?
high, lofty; one of the 5 peaks, situated in Hunan
嵩山
嵩明
sōng shān
sōng míng
Mt Song in Henan, central mountain of the Five Sacred Mountains 五嶽|五岳[Wu3 yue4]
Songming county in Kunming 昆明[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan

巵

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tje

卮
4706
zhī
TODO: Cantonese?
measuring cup; wine container
卮
zhī
goblet

廿

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njɯb

廿
4707
niàn
TODO: Cantonese?
twenty, twentieth
廿八躔
廿四史
niàn bā chán
niàn sì shǐ
the twenty-eight constellations/also written 二十八宿[er4 shi2 ba1 xiu4]
twenty four dynastic histories (or 25 or 26 in modern editions)/same as 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3]

弔

1: arrive

Old Chinese: *tˤ[i]wk

Middle Chinese: tek

2: grieved; condole

Old Chinese: *tˤ[e]wk-s

Middle Chinese: tewH

弔
4708
diào
TODO: Cantonese?
condole, mourn, pity; hang
弔伐
弔古
diào fá
diào gǔ
to console the people by punishing the tyrants (abbr. for 弔民伐罪|吊民伐罪[diao4 min2 fa2 zui4])
to revisit the past/to commemorate

弼

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: brɯd

弼
4709
bì
TODO: Cantonese?
aid, assist, help; correct
王弼
輔弼
wáng bì
fǔ bì
Wang Bi (226-249), Chinese neo-Daoist philosopher
to assist a ruler in governing a country/prime minister

彝

ritual vase

Old Chinese: *[l][ə]j

Middle Chinese: yij

彝
4710
yí
TODO: Cantonese?
Yi (nationality); tripod, wine vessel; rule

彬

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: prɯn

彬
4711
bīn
TODO: Cantonese?
cultivated, well-bred
中山成彬
彬彬
zhōng shān chéng bīn
bīn bīn
NAKAYAMA Nariaki (1943-), right-wing Japanese cabinet minister and prominent denier of Japanese war crimes
refined, gentle, and elegant

惢

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰloːlʔ

Middle Chinese: sloːlʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sklol

Middle Chinese: ʔslol

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sɡlolʔ

Middle Chinese: zlolʔ

蕊
4712
ruǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
unopened flowers, flower buds
希拉蕊
燈蕊
xī lā ruǐ
dēng ruǐ
Taiwan equivalent of 希拉里[Xi1 la1 li3]
lamp wick

戍

guard (v.)

Old Chinese: *[n̥]o-s

Middle Chinese: syuH

戍
4713
shù
TODO: Cantonese?
defend borders, guard frontiers
屯戍
征戍
tún shù
zhēng shù
to garrison; to defend (a frontier)/soldier garrisoned at a frontier
garrison

戟

a kind of lance

Old Chinese: *[k]rak

Middle Chinese: kjaek

戟
4714
jǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
halberd with crescent blade
呂布戟
大戟科
lu:3 bù jǐ
dà jǐ kē
snake halberd
Euphorbiaceae (plant family including rubber and cassava)

晝

daytime

Old Chinese: *truk-s

Middle Chinese: trjuwH

晝
4715
昼
zhòu
TODO: Cantonese?
daytime, daylight
不分晝夜
俾夜作晝
bù fēn zhòu yè
bǐ yè zuò zhòu
day and night/round-the-clock
lit. to make night as day (idiom); fig. to burn the midnight oil/work especially hard

暹

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sem

暹
4716
xiān
TODO: Cantonese?
rise; advance, go forward
暹粒
暹羅
xiān lì
xiān luó
Siem Reap, Cambodia
Siam (former name of Thailand)

曇

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: duːm

罈
4717
坛
tán
TODO: Cantonese?
an earthenware jar, a jug
罈子
耍罈子
tán zi
shuǎ tán zi
jug (earthenware with a big belly and a small opening)
to perform a jar juggling and balancing act

曰

say

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: hjwot

曰
4718
yuē
TODO: Cantonese?
say; Kangxi radical 73
子曰
美其名曰
zǐ yuē
měi qí míng yuē
Confucius says:
to call by the glorified name of (idiom)

杏

apricot (tree)

Old Chinese: *C.[g]ˤraŋʔ

Middle Chinese: haengX

杏
4719
xìng
TODO: Cantonese?
apricot; almond
巴旦杏
杏仁
bā dàn xìng
xìng rén
almond (loanword)
almond/apricot kernel

杰

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡrad

杰
4720
jié
TODO: Cantonese?
hero; heroic, outstanding
周杰倫
李連杰
zhōu jié lún
lǐ lián jié
Jay Chou (1979-), Taiwanese pop star
Li Lianjie or Jet Li (1963-), martial arts sportsman, subsequently film star and director

杳

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔmeːwʔ

杳
4721
yǎo
TODO: Cantonese?
obscure, dark, mysterious, deep
杳冥
杳如黃鶴
yǎo míng
yǎo rú huáng hè
dim and dusky/far and indistinct
to be gone forever (idiom)/to disappear without a trace

梟

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: keːw

梟
4722
枭
xiāo
TODO: Cantonese?
an owl; thus, something evil
夜梟
梟雄
yè xiāo
xiāo xióng
owl
ambitious and ruthless character/formidable person

棗

jujube

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: tsawX

棗
4723
枣
zǎo
TODO: Cantonese?
date tree; dates, jujubes; surname
南棗
囫圇吞棗
nán zǎo
hú lún tūn zǎo
dried jujubes
to swallow in one gulp (idiom)/(fig.) to accept without thinking/to lap up

森

dense trees

Old Chinese: *s.rəm

Middle Chinese: srim

森
4724
sēn
TODO: Cantonese?
forest; luxuriant vegetation
亞松森
佈蘭森
yà sōng sēn
bù lán sēn
Asunción, capital of Paraguay
Branson or Brandsen (name)/Sir Richard Branson (1950-), British millionaire and founder of Virgin

歺

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋaːd

歹
4725
dǎi
TODO: Cantonese?
bad, vicious, depraved, wicked
不問好歹
不知好歹
bù wèn hǎo dǎi
bù zhī hǎo dǎi
no matter what may happen (idiom)
unable to differentiate good from bad (idiom)/not to know what's good for one/unable to recognize others' good intentions

汨

(name of a river)

Old Chinese: *m.nˤik

Middle Chinese: mek

汨
4726
mì
TODO: Cantonese?
Mi(luo) river in Hunan province where Qu Yuan drowned himself; to sink; used (erroneously) for U+6C69 汩
汨水
汨羅
mì shuǐ
mì luó
name of a river, the southern tributary of Miluo river 汨羅江|汨罗江[Mi4 luo2 jiang1]
Miluo city in Hunan/Miluo river in Hunan, famous for Dragon Boat festival

濕

to flap (sc. the ears)

Old Chinese: *[qʰ]ip

Middle Chinese: syip

溼
4727
shī
TODO: Cantonese?
damp, moist; dampness, moisture

炙

1: roast, broil

Old Chinese: *tAk-s

Middle Chinese: tsyaeH

2: roast, broil

Old Chinese: *tAk

Middle Chinese: tsyek

炙
4728
zhì
TODO: Cantonese?
roast, broil; toast; cauterize
炙手可熱
炙熱
zhì shǒu kě rè
zhì rè
lit. burn your hand, feel the heat (idiom)/fig. arrogance of the powerful/a mighty figure no-one dares approach/hot (exciting or in favor)
extremely hot (weather)/blazing (sun)/(fig.) burning (enthusiasm)

燮

harmonious

Old Chinese: *s.qʰˤ(r)ip

Middle Chinese: sep

燮
4729
xiè
TODO: Cantonese?
harmonize, blend; adjust
燮友
燮和
xiè yǒu
xiè hé
gentle/good-natured
to harmonize/to live in harmony

爨

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shoːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shoːns

爨
4730
cuàn
TODO: Cantonese?
oven, cooking stove; cook
炊爨
爨
chuī cuàn
cuàn
to light a fire and cook a meal
cooking-stove/to cook

牆

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zaŋ

薔
4731
蔷
qiáng
TODO: Cantonese?
rose
薔薇
薔薇十字團
qiáng wēi
qiáng wēi shí zì tuán
Japanese rose (Rosa multiflora)
the Rosicrucian order (masonic order)

牖

window

Old Chinese: *[l]uʔ

Middle Chinese: yuwX

牖
4732
yǒu
TODO: Cantonese?
window; lead enlightenment
戶牖
蓬戶甕牖
hù yǒu
péng hù wèng yǒu
door and window/the home
thatched house, broken urn windows (idiom); poor person's house/humble home

甩

甩
4733
shuǎi
TODO: Cantonese?
throw away, discard
沙拉甩乾器
清倉大甩賣
shā lā shuǎi gān qì
qīng cāng dà shuǎi mài
salad spinner
clearance sale/fire sale

畟

sharp-cutting

Old Chinese: *Nə-[tsʰ]rək

Middle Chinese: tsrhik

稷
4734
jì
TODO: Cantonese?
god of cereals; minister of agriculture
社稷
稷山
shè jì
jì shān
state/country/the Gods of earth and grain
Jishan county in Yuncheng 運城|运城[Yun4 cheng2], Shanxi

疐

slip (v.)

Old Chinese: *[t-l]ri[t]-s

Middle Chinese: trijH

嚏
4735
tì
TODO: Cantonese?
sneeze
噴嚏
噴嚏劑
pēn tì
pēn tì jì
sneeze
sternutator

盥

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: koːnʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: koːns

盥
4736
guàn
TODO: Cantonese?
wash
濯盥
盥洗
zhuó guàn
guàn xǐ
to wash oneself
to wash up; to freshen up

眔

reach to; and

Old Chinese: *m-rˤəp

Middle Chinese: dop

鰥
4737
鳏
guān
TODO: Cantonese?
huge fish; widower; bachelor
鰥夫
鰥寡孤獨
guān fū
guān guǎ gū dú
old wifeless man; bachelor; widower
lit. widowers, widows, orphans and the childless/fig. people with no one left to rely on

磊

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ruːlʔ

磊
4738
lěi
TODO: Cantonese?
pile of rocks or stones; great
丁磊
光明磊落
dīng lěi
guāng míng lěi luò
Ding Lei (1971-), founder and CEO of NetEase 網易|网易[Wang3 yi4]
open and candid (idiom); straightforward and upright

祘

calculate

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤorʔ-s

Middle Chinese: swanH

蒜
4739
suàn
TODO: Cantonese?
garlic
壓蒜器
多瓣蒜
yā suàn qì
duō bàn suàn
garlic press
Chinese elephant garlic

禹

insect; proper name

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: hjuX

齲
4740
龋
qǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
tooth decay
低齲齒性
防齲
dī qǔ chǐ xìng
fáng qǔ
non-caries-inducing
to prevent tooth decay/anti-caries

窄

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔsraːɡ

搾
4741
zhà
TODO: Cantonese?
to crush with the hand, press, squeeze, extract

竄

hide; flee

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ˤo[n]-s

Middle Chinese: tshwanH

竄
4742
窜
cuàn
TODO: Cantonese?
run away; revise, edit; expel
亂竄
奔竄
luàn cuàn
bēn cuàn
to flee in disarray/to scatter
(of people or animals) to flee helter-skelter/to scatter/(of floodwater, an idea etc) to spread in all directions

筮

divine by Achillea stalks

Old Chinese: *[d][e][t]-s

Middle Chinese: dzyejH

噬
4743
shì
TODO: Cantonese?
bite; gnaw; snap at
吞噬作用
吞噬細胞
tūn shì zuò yòng
tūn shì xì bāo
phagocytosis (ingesting and destroying foreign matter)
phagocyte (cell that ingests and destroys foreign matter)

粟

grain (rice or millet) in husk

Old Chinese: *[s]ok

Middle Chinese: sjowk

粟
4744
sù
TODO: Cantonese?
unhusked millet; grain
包粟
布帛菽粟
bāo sù
bù bó shū sù
corn/maize
cloth, silk, beans and grain/food and clothing/daily necessities

粵

generous, favorable

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: hjwot

粵
4745
粤
yuè
TODO: Cantonese?
Guangdong and Guangxi provinces; initial particle
百粵
粵劇
bǎi yuè
yuè jù
Baiyue, generic term for southern ethnic groups/also written 百越
Cantonese opera

繭

cocoon

Old Chinese: *kˤ[e][n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: kenX

繭
4746
茧
jiǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
cocoon; callus, blister
作繭
信息繭房
zuò jiǎn
xìn xī jiǎn fáng
to make a cocoon
(Internet) echo chamber/filter bubble

羨

1: covet, desire

Old Chinese: *s-N-qa[r]-s

Middle Chinese: zjenH

2: surplus, affluence

Old Chinese: *s-[ɢ]a[n]-s

Middle Chinese: zjenH

3: extend; go forward

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]a[n]

Middle Chinese: yen

羨
4747
xiàn
TODO: Cantonese?
envy, admire; praise; covet
傾羨
奇羨
qīng xiàn
jī xiàn
to admire/to adore
surplus/profit

羹

soup

Old Chinese: *kˤraŋ

Middle Chinese: kaeng

羹
4748
gēng
TODO: Cantonese?
soup, broth
一杯羹
分一杯羹
yī bēi gēng
fēn yī bēi gēng
lit. a cup of soup/fig. to get part of the profits/one's share of the action
(fig.) to have a slice of the pie/to get a piece of the action

耒

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ruːls

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: rulʔ

耒
4749
lěi
TODO: Cantonese?
handle of plow; plow; Kangxi radical 127
耒耜
耒陽
lěi sì
lěi yáng
plow
Leiyang, county-level city in Hengyang 衡陽|衡阳[Heng2 yang2], Hunan

肄

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lids

肄
4750
yì
TODO: Cantonese?
learn, practice, study; toil
肄業
肄業生
yì yè
yì yè shēng
to attend (a school)/to drop out (of college etc)
dropout student

胤

descendants

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: yinH

胤
4751
yìn
TODO: Cantonese?
heir, successor; progeny, posterity
趙匡胤
胤
zhào kuāng yìn
yìn
Zhao Kuangyin, personal name of founding Song emperor Song Taizu 宋太祖 (927-976)
descendant/heir/offspring/posterity/to inherit

臬

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋeːd

鎳
4752
镍
niè
TODO: Cantonese?
nickel (element 28, Ni)
鎳箔
鎳
niè bó
niè
nickel sheet/CL:張|张[zhang1]
nickel (chemistry)

芟

mow (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤr[a]m

Middle Chinese: sraem

芟
4753
shān
TODO: Cantonese?
mow, cut; weed out; scythe
芟
shān
to cut down/to mow/to eliminate/scythe

茸

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njoŋ

茸
4754
róng
TODO: Cantonese?
soft, downy; buds, sprouts
參茸
姬松茸
shēn róng
jī sōng róng
ginseng and young deer antler (used in TCM)
himematsutake mushroom (Agaricus subrufescens or Agaricus blazei Murill)

茻

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: maːŋʔ

莽
4755
mǎng
TODO: Cantonese?
thicket, underbrush; poisonous
榛莽
浪莽
zhēn mǎng
làng mǎng
(literary) luxuriant vegetation
vast

莽

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: maːŋʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: moːʔ

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: maːʔ

蟒
4756
mǎng
TODO: Cantonese?
python, boa constrictor
巨蟒
花蟒
jù mǎng
huā mǎng
python
python

薛

1: spec. of plant

Old Chinese: *s.ŋat

Middle Chinese: sjet

2: (place name)

Old Chinese: *s.ŋat

Middle Chinese: sjet

孽
4757
niè
TODO: Cantonese?
evil; son of concubine; ghost
作孽
冤孽
zuò niè
yuān niè
to sin
sin (in Buddhism)/enmity leading to sin

薦

grass, fodder

Old Chinese: *Cə.tsˤə[r]-s

Middle Chinese: tsenH

薦
4758
荐
jiàn
TODO: Cantonese?
offer, present; recommend
力薦
引薦
lì jiàn
yǐn jiàn
to strongly recommend
to recommend sb; to give a referral

蘸

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔsreːms

蘸
4759
zhàn
TODO: Cantonese?
dip (a brush); remarry
蘸火
蘸破
zhàn huǒ
zhàn pò
to quench (a metal workpiece)
to wake up due to noise

蠃

蜾蠃 kwaX.lwaX a kind of wasp

Old Chinese: *rˤorʔ (*kˤorʔ.rˤorʔ, redup. infixation < *kˤorʔ ?)

Middle Chinese: lwaX

羸
4760
léi
TODO: Cantonese?
weak, lean, emaciated, exhausted
羸弱
羸
léi ruò
léi
frail/weak
entangled/lean

蠱

noxious vermin

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: kuX

蠱
4761
蛊
gǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
poison; venom; harm; bewitch; hexagram ䷑
巫蠱
巫蠱之禍
wū gǔ
wū gǔ zhī huò
witchcraft
91 BC attempted coup d'etat against Emperor Wu of Han 漢武帝|汉武帝, beginning with accusations of witchcraft

裘

fur garment

Old Chinese: *[g]ʷə

Middle Chinese: gjuw

裘
4762
qiú
TODO: Cantonese?
fur garments; surname
反裘負芻
肥馬輕裘
fǎn qiú fù chú
féi mǎ qīng qiú
lit. to wear one's coat inside out and carry firewood on one's back (idiom)/fig. to live a life of poverty and hard work/fig. to act stupidly
lit. stout horses and light furs/fig. to live in luxury

謁

go to visit

Old Chinese: *qat

Middle Chinese: 'jot

藹
4763
蔼
ǎi
TODO: Cantonese?
lush; affable, friendly
和藹
和藹可親
hé ǎi
hé ǎi kě qīn
kindly/nice/amiable
affable/genial

豐

1: luxuriant, abundant (K)

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: phjowng

2: luxuriant, abundant (K)

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: phjowng

3: a kind of ritual vessel

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: phjowng

4: kind of ritual vessel

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ (MC F!)

Middle Chinese: phjuwng

豐
4764
丰
fēng
TODO: Cantonese?
abundant, lush, bountiful, plenty; hexagram ䷶
五穀豐登
人壽年豐
wǔ gǔ fēng dēng
rén shòu nián fēng
abundant harvest of all food crops/bumper grain harvest
long-lived people, rich harvests (idiom); stable and affluent society/prosperity

豕

swine

Old Chinese: *l̥ajʔ

Middle Chinese: syeX

豕
4765
shǐ
TODO: Cantonese?
a pig, boar; Kangxi radical 152
狼奔豕突
豕豞
láng bēn shǐ tū
shǐ hòu
the wolf runs and the wild boar rushes (idiom); crowds of evil-doers mill around like wild beasts
grunting of pigs

赧

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: rnaːnʔ

赧
4766
nǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
blush, turn red
愧赧
羞赧
kuì nǎn
xiū nǎn
to blush in shame/red-faced
(literary) embarrassed/bashful

轡

reins

Old Chinese: *pr[i][t]-s

Middle Chinese: pijH

轡
4767
辔
pèi
TODO: Cantonese?
bridle of horse, reins
轡頭
長轡遠馭
pèi tóu
cháng pèi yuǎn yù
bridle
to control from a distance (idiom)

逵

thoroughfare

Old Chinese: *[g]ʷru

Middle Chinese: gwij

逵
4768
kuí
TODO: Cantonese?
thoroughfare, crossroads
李逵
逵
lǐ kuí
kuí
Li Kui, character in the novel Water Margin 水滸全傳|水浒全传[Shui3 hu3 quan2 zhuan4]
crossroads/thoroughfare

逸

flee

Old Chinese: *[l]i[t]

Middle Chinese: yit

逸
4769
yì
TODO: Cantonese?
flee, escape, break loose
一勞永逸
以逸待勞
yī láo yǒng yì
yǐ yì dài láo
to get sth done once and for all
to wait at one's ease for the exhausted enemy/to nurture one's strength and bide one's time (idiom)

邑

city, town

Old Chinese: *q(r)[ə]p

Middle Chinese: 'ip

邑
4770
yì
TODO: Cantonese?
area; district; city; state; Kangxi radical 163
伯邑考
城邑
bó yì kǎo
chéng yì
Bo Yikao, eldest son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王[Zhou1 Wen2 wang2] and the elder brother of King Wu 周武王[Zhou1 Wu3 wang2] who was the founder of the Zhou Dynasty 周朝[Zhou1 chao2] of ancient China
(literary) towns/cities

酥

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sŋaː

酥
4771
sū
TODO: Cantonese?
butter; flaky, crispy, light, fluffy
奶酥
牛脷酥
nǎi sū
niú lì sū
butter biscuit/butter bun
ox tongue pastry, oval Guangdong pastry made of fried dough, resembling an ox tongue

釁

smear with blood

Old Chinese: *m̥rər-s

Middle Chinese: xinH

釁
4772
衅
xìn
TODO: Cantonese?
smear with blood in sacrifice; rift, quarrel
尋釁
尋釁滋事罪
xún xìn
xún xìn zī shì zuì
to pick a quarrel/to start a fight
disorderly behavior (PRC law)

釗

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kljew

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kleːw

釗
4773
钊
zhāo
TODO: Cantonese?
endeavor, strive; encourage; cut
李大釗
章士釗
lǐ dà zhāo
zhāng shì zhāo
Li Dazhao (1889-1927), early Chinese Marxist and founding member of the communist party
Zhang Shizhao (1881-1973), revolutionary journalist in Shanghai, then established writer

閂

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰroːn

閂
4774
闩
shuān
TODO: Cantonese?
bolt, latch, crossbar
槍閂
鎖閂
qiāng shuān
suǒ shuān
breech bolt (e.g. of rifle)
latch/bolt (to lock a door or window)

陋

narrow; base (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤo-s

Middle Chinese: luwH

陋
4775
lòu
TODO: Cantonese?
narrow; crude, coarse; ugly
卑陋
卑陋齷齪
bēi lòu
bēi lòu wò chuò
humble/petty/crude
sordid and contemptible (idiom); vile and repulsive (esp. character or action)

韭

Allium

Old Chinese: *s.[k](r)uʔ

Middle Chinese: kjuwX

韭
4776
jiǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
scallion, leek; Kangxi radical 179
韭菜
韭菜花
jiǔ cài
jiǔ cài huā
garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), aka Chinese chives/(fig.) retail investors who lose their money to more experienced operators (i.e. they are "harvested" like garlic chives)
chives (Allium tuberosum)

飧

evening meal

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤu[r]

Middle Chinese: swon

飧
4777
sūn
TODO: Cantonese?
evening meal, supper; cooked food
朝饔夕飧
盤飧
zhāo yōng xī sūn
pán sūn
lit. breakfast in the morning and supper in the evening (idiom)/fig. to do nothing but eat and drink
dishes/the food in a dish

鳶

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷen

鳶
4778
鸢
yuān
TODO: Cantonese?
kite; Milvus species (various)
栗鳶
紙鳶
lì yuān
zhǐ yuān
(bird species of China) Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus)
kite

鹵

1: salty (sc. land)

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: luX

2: rustic, coarse

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: luX

鹵
4779
卤
lǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
saline soil; natural salt, rock salt; Kangxi radical 197
光鹵石
擬鹵素
guāng lǔ shí
nǐ lǔ sù
carnallite (hydrated potassium magnesium chloride mineral)
pseudohalogen, e.g. cyanogen (CN)2

麀

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qɯw

鏖
4780
áo
TODO: Cantonese?
to fight to the end, engage in a fierce battle
鏖戰
鏖
áo zhàn
áo
bitter fighting/a violent battle
violent fighting

麃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: braːw

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰrawʔ

鑣
4781
镳
biāo
TODO: Cantonese?
bit, bridle; ride
分道揚鑣
連鑣並軫
fēn dào yáng biāo
lián biāo bìng zhěn
lit. to take different roads and urge the horses on (idiom)/fig. to part ways
lit. reins together and carriages level (idiom); keeping exactly abreast of one another/running neck and neck

黃

yellow

Old Chinese: *N-kʷˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: hwang

磺
4782
huáng
TODO: Cantonese?
sulphur; brimstone
二硫基丙磺酸鈉
烷基苯磺酸鈉
èr liú jī bǐng huáng suān nà
wán jī běn huáng suān nà
sodium dimercaptosulfanate
sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (used as a bubbling agent in detergents)

黍

Panicum miliaceum, glutinous

Old Chinese: *s-tʰaʔ

Middle Chinese: syoX

黍
4783
shǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
glutinous millet; Kangxi radical 202
玉蜀黍
黍鵐
yù shǔ shǔ
shǔ wú
corn
(bird species of China) corn bunting (Emberiza calandra)

企

1: stand on tiptoe

Old Chinese: *kʰeʔ

Middle Chinese: khjieX

2: stand on tiptoe

Old Chinese: *kʰeʔ-s

Middle Chinese: khjieH

企
4784
qǐ、qì
TODO: Cantonese?
plan a project; stand on tiptoe
企業
中小企業
企投
qǐ yè
zhōng xiǎo qǐ yè
qì tóu
company; firm; enterprise; corporation/CL:家[jia1]
small and medium enterprise
to have fun (from Taiwanese 𨑨迌, Tai-lo pr. [tshit-thô])

了

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːwʔ

了
4785
liǎo、le
TODO: Cantonese?
to finish; particle of completed action
了解
罷了
除了
極了
liǎo jiě
bà liǎo
chú le
jí le
to understand/to realize/to find out
a modal particle indicating (don't mind it, ok)
besides/apart from (... also...)/in addition to/except (for)
extremely/exceedingly

色

color; countenance

Old Chinese: *s.rək

Middle Chinese: srik

色
4786
sè、shǎi
TODO: Cantonese?
color, tint, hue, shade; form, body; beauty, desire for beauty; Kangxi radical 139
角色
顏色
本色
上色
jué sè
yán sè
běn shǎi
shàng shǎi
role; part (in a play or movie etc)
color/countenance/appearance/facial expression/pigment/dyestuff
natural color
to color (a picture etc)/to dye (fabric etc)/to stain (furniture etc)

興

lift, rise

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)əŋ

Middle Chinese: xing

興
4787
兴
xīng、xìng
TODO: Cantonese?
thrive, prosper, flourish
興建
新興
興趣
高興
xīng jiàn
xīn xīng
xìng qù
gāo xìng
to build/to construct
Xinxing county in Yunfu 雲浮|云浮[Yun2 fu2], Guangdong/Xinxing or Hsinhsing district of Kaohsiung city 高雄市[Gao1 xiong2 shi4], south Taiwan
interest (desire to know about sth)/interest (thing in which one is interested); hobby/CL:個|个[ge4]
happy/glad/willing (to do sth)/in a cheerful mood

上

1: ascend

Old Chinese: *Cə-daŋʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyangX

2: to put up

Old Chinese: *m-daŋʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyangX

3: top, above (n.)

Old Chinese: *daŋʔ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyangH

上
4788
shàng、shǎng
TODO: Cantonese?
top; superior, highest; go up, send up
加上
上課
上聲
筵上
jiā shàng
shàng kè
shǎng shēng
yán shǎng
plus/to put in/to add/to add on/to add into/in addition/on top of that
to go to class/to attend class/to go to teach a class
falling and rising tone/third tone in modern Mandarin
feast

看

1: to watch, guard

Old Chinese: *kʰˤa[r]

Middle Chinese: khan

2: gaze at

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]ˤa[r]-s

Middle Chinese: khanH

看
4789
kàn、kān
TODO: Cantonese?
look, see; examine, scrutinize
看法
看見
看好
看守
kàn fǎ
kàn jiàn
kān hǎo
kān shǒu
way of looking at a thing/view/opinion/CL:個|个[ge4]
to see/to catch sight of
to keep an eye on
to guard/to watch over

角

horn, corner

Old Chinese: *C.[k]ˤrok

Middle Chinese: kaewk

角
4790
jiǎo、jué
TODO: Cantonese?
horn; angle, corner; point; Kangxi radical 148; 1st lunar mansion, determinative star Spica
角度
角落
主角
角逐
jiǎo dù
jiǎo luò
zhǔ jué
jué zhú
angle/point of view
nook; corner
leading role; lead/protagonist
to tussle/to contend/to contest

雨

1: rain

Old Chinese: *C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: hjuX

2: rain (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ-s

Middle Chinese: hjuH

雨
4791
yǔ、yù
TODO: Cantonese?
rain; rainy; Kangxi radical 173
下雨
雨水
天雨路滑
雨
xià yǔ
yǔ shuǐ
tiān yù lù huá
yù
to rain
Yushui or Rain Water, 2nd of the 24 solar terms 二十四節氣|二十四节气 19th February-5th March
roads are slippery due to rain (idiom)
(literary) to rain/(of rain, snow etc) to fall/to precipitate/to wet

省

inspect

Old Chinese: *[s]eŋʔ

Middle Chinese: sjengX

省
4792
shěng、xǐng
TODO: Cantonese?
province; save, economize
省委
省長
反省
自省
shěng wěi
shěng zhǎng
fǎn xǐng
zì xǐng
provincial Party committee
governor of a province
to reflect upon oneself/to examine one's conscience/to question oneself/to search one's soul
to examine oneself/to reflect on one's shortcomings/introspection/self-awareness/self-criticism

片

half; partial

Old Chinese: *pʰˤe[n]-s

Middle Chinese: phenH

片
4793
piàn、piān
TODO: Cantonese?
slice, splinter, strip; rad. 91
影片
圖片
片子
恐怖片兒
yǐng piàn
tú piàn
piān zi
kǒng bù piān r5
a copy of a film/film; motion picture; movie/CL:部[bu4]
picture; photograph/CL:張|张[zhang1]
film/movie/film reel/phonograph record/X-ray image
erhua variant of 恐怖片[kong3 bu4 pian4]

頁

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: leb

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡleːd

頁
4794
页
yè、xié
TODO: Cantonese?
page, sheet, leaf; Kangxi radical 181
上一頁
上頁
頁
shàng yī yè
shàng yè
xié
preceding page
previous page
head

曲

to bend

Old Chinese: *kʰ(r)ok

Middle Chinese: khjowk

曲
4795
qū、qǔ
TODO: Cantonese?
crooked, bent; wrong, false
曲線
彎彎曲曲
歌曲
曲子
qū xiàn
wān wān qū qū
gē qǔ
qǔ zi
curve/curved line/indirect/in a roundabout way
curved/meandering/zigzagging
song
poem for singing/tune/music/CL:支[zhi1]

服

1: quiver (n.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

2: garment; wear (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

3: subdue, submit

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

4: box of a carriage

Old Chinese: *[b]əʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

服
4796
fú、fù
TODO: Cantonese?
clothes; wear, dress
服務業
服裝
舌下含服
服
fú wù yè
fú zhuāng
shé xià hán fù
fù
service industry
dress/clothing/costume/clothes/CL:身[shen1]
sublingual administration (medicine)
classifier for medicine: dose/Taiwan pr. [fu2]

号

command, call (n.)

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤaw-s

Middle Chinese: hawH

號
4797
号
hào、háo
TODO: Cantonese?
mark, sign; symbol; number
口號
訊號
乾號
呼號
kǒu hào
xùn hào
gān háo
hū háo
slogan/catchphrase/CL:個|个[ge4]
signal
to cry out loud without tears
to wail/to cry out in distress

爭

strife, quarrel

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤreŋ (~ *m-tsˤreŋ or *mə-tsˤreŋ)

Middle Chinese: tsreang

掙
4798
挣
zhēng、zhèng
TODO: Cantonese?
to strive, endeavor, struggle; to earn; to pierce; to wedge in
掙
掙扎
掙脫
掙得
zhēng
zhēng zhá
zhèng tuō
zhèng dé
used in 掙扎|挣扎[zheng1 zha2]
to struggle
to throw off/to struggle free of/Taiwan pr. [zheng1 tuo1]
to earn (income)/to make (money)

卡

卡
4799
kǎ、qiǎ
TODO: Cantonese?
card, punch card; calorie
卡通
卡片
關卡
卡子
kǎ tōng
kǎ piàn
guān qiǎ
qiǎ zi
cartoon (loanword)
card
checkpoint (for taxation, security etc)/barrier/hurdle/red tape/CL:個|个[ge4],道[dao4]
clip/hair fastener/checkpoint

囷

round granary

Old Chinese: *kʰrun

Middle Chinese: khwin

菌
4800
jūn、jùn
TODO: Cantonese?
mushroom; germ, microbe
細菌
病菌
傘菌
松菌
xì jūn
bìng jūn
sǎn jùn
sōng jùn
bacterium/germ
harmful bacteria/pathogenic bacteria/germs
agaric
matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake), edible mushroom considered a great delicacy in Japan

尿

urine

Old Chinese: *kə.nˤewk-s

Middle Chinese: newH

尿
4801
niào、suī
TODO: Cantonese?
urine; urinate
尿液
糖尿病
尿泡
尿脬
niào yè
táng niào bìng
suī pao
suī pāo
urine
diabetes; diabetes mellitus
(dialect) bladder
bladder

沓

join, unite

Old Chinese: *m-rˤəp

Middle Chinese: dop

踏
4802
tà、tā
TODO: Cantonese?
step on, trample, tread on, walk
踏上
踏青
踏實
踏破門檻
tà shàng
tà qīng
tā shi
tā pò mén kǎn
to set foot on/to step on or into
lit. tread the green; go for a walk in the spring (when the grass has turned green)/spring hike season around Qingming festival 清明, 4th-6th April
firmly-based/steady/steadfast/to have peace of mind/free from anxiety/Taiwan pr. [ta4 shi2]
to wear out the doorstep (idiom)/to crowd at sb's door

六

six

Old Chinese: *k.ruk

Middle Chinese: ljuwk

六
4803
liù、lù
TODO: Cantonese?
number six
六合彩
一推六二五
六合
六合區
liù hé cǎi
yī tuī liù èr wǔ
lù hé
lù hé qū
Mark Six (Hong Kong lotto game)
1 divided by 16 is 0.0625 (abacus rule)/(fig.) to deny responsibility; to pass the buck
Luhe district of Nanjing City 南京市 in Jiangsu 江蘇|江苏
Luhe district of Nanjing City 南京市 in Jiangsu 江蘇|江苏

掃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːs

掃
4804
扫
sǎo、sào
TODO: Cantonese?
sweep, clear away; exterminate
打掃
掃描
掃帚
掃帚星
dǎ sǎo
sǎo miáo
sào zhou
sào zhou xīng
to clean/to sweep
to scan
broom
comet/person who brings bad luck; jinx

歪

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷraːl

歪
4805
wāi、wǎi
TODO: Cantonese?
slant; inclined; askew, awry
東倒西歪
七扭八歪
歪
dōng dǎo xī wāi
qī niǔ bā wāi
wǎi
to lean unsteadily from side to side (idiom)/to sway/(of buildings etc) to lean at a crazy angle
misshapen/crooked/uneven (idiom)
to sprain (one's ankle) (Tw)

粥

gruel

Old Chinese: *t-quk

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

粥
4806
zhōu、yù
TODO: Cantonese?
rice gruel, congee
稀粥
一鍋粥
葷粥
粥
xī zhōu
yī guō zhōu
xūn yù
yù
water gruel/thin porridge
(lit.) a pot of porridge/(fig.) a complete mess
an ethnic group in ancient northern China
used in 葷粥|荤粥[Xun1 yu4]

凹

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qriːw

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qriːb

凹
4807
āo、wā
TODO: Cantonese?
concave, hollow, depressed; a pass, valley
凹陷
中央凹
賈平凹
āo xiàn
zhōng yāng āo
jiǎ píng wā
to cave in; hollow; sunken; depressed
fovea centralis (depression in the macula retina, most sensitive optic region)
Jia Pingwa (1952-), Chinese novelist

别

别
4808
bié、biè
TODO: Cantonese?
separate, other; do not

尼

妮
4809
nī、ní
TODO: Cantonese?
maid, servant girl; cute girl
佈萊特妮·墨菲
妮可·基德曼
安妮·海瑟薇
bù lái tè nī · mò fēi
nī kě · jī dé màn
ān ní · hǎi sè wēi
Brittany Murphy (1977-2009), American actress
Nicole Kidman (1967-), film actress
Anne Hathaway (1982-), American actress

戛

a kind of lance

Old Chinese: *kˤrik

Middle Chinese: keat

戛
4810
jiá、gā
TODO: Cantonese?
lance; tap or strike lightly
戛戛
戛戛獨造
戛納
jiá jiá
jiá jiá dú zào
gā nà
difficult/challenging/original
creative/original
Cannes (France)

查

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔsraː

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zraː

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zraː

Middle Chinese: zreː

喳
4811
zhā、chā
TODO: Cantonese?
whispering
唧唧喳喳
嘰嘰喳喳
喳喳
嘁嘁喳喳
jī jī zhā zhā
jī jī zhā zhā
chā cha
qī qi chā chā
(onom.) chattering or giggling
(onom.) chirp/twitter/buzzing/to chatter continuously
whisper/to whisper
chattering

甭

甭
4812
béng、bèng
TODO: Cantonese?
there is no need
甭管
甭
甭
béng guǎn
béng
bèng
(coll.) regardless of; no matter (where, who etc)
(contraction of 不用[bu4 yong4]) need not; please don't
(dialect) very

雋

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zonʔ

雋
4813
隽
juàn、jùn
TODO: Cantonese?
superior, outstanding, talented
含味雋永
神妙雋美
雋譽
hán wèi juàn yǒng
shén miào juàn měi
jùn yù
fine, lasting flavor (of literature)
outstanding and elegant/remarkable and refined
high fame

靦

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰɯːnʔ

靦
4814
䩄
miǎn、tiǎn
TODO: Cantonese?
timid, shy, bashful
靦
靦腆
靦臉
miǎn
miǎn tiǎn
tiǎn liǎn
bashful
shy/bashful
shameless; brazen

得

obtain

Old Chinese: *tˤək

Middle Chinese: tok

得
4815
dé、děi、dè
TODO: Cantonese?
obtain, get, gain, acquire
獲得
不得
非得
總得
得瑟
huò dé
bù dé
fēi děi
zǒng děi
dè se
to obtain; to receive; to get
must not/may not/not to be allowed/cannot
(followed by a verb phrase, then – optionally – 不可, or 不行 etc) must
must/have to/be bound to
(dialect) cocky; smug/to show off

强

1: strong

Old Chinese: *N-kaŋ

Middle Chinese: gjang

2: make an effort

Old Chinese: *m-kaŋʔ

Middle Chinese: gjangX

強
4816
强
qiáng、jiàng、qiǎng
TODO: Cantonese?
strong, powerful, energetic
強調
加強
強嘴
足高氣強
強迫
強求
qiáng diào
jiā qiáng
jiàng zuǐ
zú gāo qì jiàng
qiǎng pò
qiǎng qiú
to emphasize (a statement)/to stress
to reinforce; to strengthen; to enhance
to talk back/to reply defiantly
high and mighty (idiom); arrogant
to compel/to force
to insist on; to demand; to impose

好

1: good

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: xawX

2: love, like (v.)

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ-s

Middle Chinese: xawH

好
4817
hǎo、hào、hāo
TODO: Cantonese?
good, excellent, fine; well
只好
良好
好玩
愛好
好好兒
zhǐ hǎo
liáng hǎo
hào wán
ài hào
hǎo hāo r5
to have no other option but to ...; to have to; to be forced to
good/favorable/well/fine
to be playful/to be fond of one's fun
to like; to be fond of; to take pleasure in; to be keen on/interest; hobby/CL:個|个[ge4]
in good condition/perfectly good/carefully/well/thoroughly

爯

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰjɯŋ

稱
4818
称
chèn、chēng、chèng
TODO: Cantonese?
call; name, brand; address; say
對稱
稱職
稱為
名稱
案稱
duì chèn
chèn zhí
chēng wéi
míng chēng
àn chèng
symmetry/symmetrical
well qualified/competent/to be equal to the task/able to do sth very well
to be called; to be known as; to call it "..."
name (of a thing)/name (of an organization)
counter scale

匹

one of a pair

Old Chinese: *pʰi[t]

Middle Chinese: phjit

匹
4819
pī、pǐ、pí
TODO: Cantonese?
bolt of cloth; counter for horses
匹
奧林匹克
馬匹
阿斯匹靈
pī
ào lín pǐ kè
mǎ pǐ
ā sī pí líng
mate/one of a pair
Olympic
horse
aspirin (loanword) (Tw)

雀

sparrow

Old Chinese: *[ts]ewk

Middle Chinese: tsjak

雀
4820
què、qiǎo、qiāo
TODO: Cantonese?
sparrow
麻雀
孔雀
家雀兒
雀盲眼
雀子
雀
má què
kǒng què
jiā qiǎo r5
qiǎo mang yǎn
qiāo zi
qiāo
sparrow/(dialect) mahjong
peafowl; peacock
(coll.) sparrow
night blindness (dialect)
a freckle/lentigo
a freckle/lentigo

龜

1: tortoise

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷə

Middle Chinese: kjuw

2: tortoise

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷrə

Middle Chinese: kwij

龜
4821
龟
guī、qiū、jūn
TODO: Cantonese?
turtle or tortoise; cuckold; Kangxi radical 213
海龜
九尾龜
龜
龜茲
龜裂
hǎi guī
jiǔ wěi guī
qiū
qiū cí
jūn liè
turtle/Internet slang for 海歸|海归[hai3 gui1]
nine-tailed turtle of mythology/The Nine-tailed Turtle, novel by late Qing novelist Zhang Chunfan 張春帆|张春帆
used in 龜茲|龟兹[Qiu1 ci2]
ancient Central Asian city state, flourished in first millennium AD, in modern Aksu 阿克蘇地區|阿克苏地区, Xinjiang
to crack/cracked/fissured/creviced/(of skin) chapped

弄

manipulate, play with

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤoŋ-s

Middle Chinese: luwngH

弄
4822
nòng、leng、lòng
TODO: Cantonese?
do, play or fiddle with; alley
玩弄
嘲弄
劐弄
巷弄
弄堂
wán nòng
cháo nòng
huō leng
xiàng lòng
lòng táng
to play with/to toy with/to dally with/to engage in/to resort to
to tease/to poke fun at/to make fun of
(dialect) to mix/to stir/to make trouble
alley/lane
(dialect) alley/lane

阿

1: slope, river bank

Old Chinese: *qˤa[j]

Middle Chinese: 'a

2: 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *ʔˤa (< *qˤaj)

Middle Chinese: 'a

啊
4823
ā、á、ǎ、à
TODO: Cantonese?
exclamatory particle
啊呀
啊喲
啊
啊
啊
ā yā
ā yo
á
ǎ
à
interjection of surprise/Oh my!
interjection of surprise or pain/Oh/Ow/My goodness!
interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer/Eh?/what?
interjection of surprise or doubt/Eh?/My!/what's up?
interjection or grunt of agreement/uhm/Ah, OK/expression of recognition/Oh, it's you!