倣
1
방
본뜰
TODO: keyword
模倣
模倣者
模倣者
모방
모방자
모방자
apery, copy, imitation, mock ; to take as an example
copier, copycat, copyist
copier, copycat, copyist
Pure Groups
These groups have only a single pronunciation shared by all characters in the group, making them the easiest to learn and remember.
方
1: square
Old Chinese: *C-paŋ
Middle Chinese: pjang
2: method
Old Chinese: *paŋ
Middle Chinese: pjang
3: just, then
Old Chinese: *paŋ
Middle Chinese: pjang
付
give
Old Chinese: *p(r)o-s
Middle Chinese: pjuH
其
1: modal particle
Old Chinese: *gə
Middle Chinese: gi
2: (3p possessive)
Old Chinese: *gə
Middle Chinese: gi
旗
17
기
기
TODO: keyword
國旗
旗手
旗手
국기
기수
기수
The national flag
color-bearer, flag bearer, standardbearer, an ensign
color-bearer, flag bearer, standardbearer, an ensign
主
master; host
Old Chinese: *toʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyuX
主
20
주
주인
TODO: keyword
主人
主로
主로
주인
주로
주로
The head of a family,the owner
principally,mainly
principally,mainly
柱
22
주
기둥
TODO: keyword
門설柱
四柱
四柱
문설주
사주
사주
door jamb
the year, month, day and hour when you were born
the year, month, day and hour when you were born
复
return
Old Chinese: *m-p(r)uk
Middle Chinese: bjuwk
腹
25
복
배
TODO: keyword
空腹
口蜜腹劍
口蜜腹劍
공복
구밀복검
구밀복검
stomach emptiness, hunger, hungriness
the words are nice and sweat, but he is hiding a sword in his bosom.
the words are nice and sweat, but he is hiding a sword in his bosom.
勹
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pruː
成
1: to become (v.i.)
Old Chinese: *[d]eŋ
Middle Chinese: dzyeng
2: to complete (tr. v)
Old Chinese: *m-[d]eŋ
Middle Chinese: dzyeng
才
talent, ability
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤə
Middle Chinese: dzoj
材
38
재
재목
TODO: keyword
材料
敎材
敎材
재료
교재
교재
stuff,material
Teaching material or insruction materials
Teaching material or insruction materials
旦
dawn
Old Chinese: *tˤan-s
Middle Chinese: tanH
韋
1: leather
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[j]
Middle Chinese: hjw+j
2: go against
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[j]
Middle Chinese: hjw+j
緯
46
위
씨
TODO: keyword
經緯
高緯度
高緯度
경위
고위도
고위도
progress/steps; the warp and weft of a fabric
paleolatitude
paleolatitude
句
1: curved
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ(r)o
Middle Chinese: kuw
2: loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ(r)ok-s
Middle Chinese: kuwH
3: phrase
Old Chinese: *[k](r)o-s
Middle Chinese: kjuH
句
48
구
글귀
TODO: keyword
文句
高句麗
高句麗
문구
고구려
고구려
passage,paragraph
one of the 3 ancient Korean kingdoms, founded in 37 BC by 동명왕 주몽
one of the 3 ancient Korean kingdoms, founded in 37 BC by 동명왕 주몽
狗
50
구
개
TODO: keyword
鷄鳴狗盜
堂狗風月
堂狗風月
계명구도
당구풍월
당구풍월
to make 계명 the cry of a chicken but like a dog 개 steal something ; using a thief`s dirty tactics to get yourself out of a bind
it means even a dog when with sb smart can recite poetry. Or, you can learn by osmosis.
it means even a dog when with sb smart can recite poetry. Or, you can learn by osmosis.
扁
flat and thin
Old Chinese: *pˤe[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: penX
編
54
편
엮을
TODO: keyword
改編
改編하다
改編하다
개편
개편하다
개편하다
reorganizing; to edit the organization of and then reissue
to reorganize, to reshuffle
to reorganize, to reshuffle
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ʔslɯː
栽
57
재
심을
TODO: keyword
栽培
재배
cultivation, culturing of plants (their planting, maintenance)
之
1: go to
Old Chinese: *tə
Middle Chinese: tsyi
2: (3p object pronoun; attributive particle)
Old Chinese: *tə
Middle Chinese: tsyi
之
60
지
갈
TODO: keyword
居之半
隔世之感
隔世之感
거지반
격세지감
격세지감
almost nearly
feeling of a different world, as a result of many changes.
feeling of a different world, as a result of many changes.
侵
invade
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ][i]m
Middle Chinese: tshim
侵
63
침
침노할
TODO: keyword
權利侵害
侵掠
侵掠
권리침해
침략
침략
an injustice, damaging the authority of
ravaging another`s country
ravaging another`s country
化
transform
Old Chinese: *qʷʰˤ
Middle Chinese: xwaeH
占
prognosticate
Old Chinese: *tem
Middle Chinese: tsyem
同
together, join
Old Chinese: *lˤoŋ
Middle Chinese: duwng
官
official (n.)
Old Chinese: *kʷˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: kwan
幾
1: small; almost
Old Chinese: *kəj
Middle Chinese: kj+j
2: few; how many
Old Chinese: *kəjʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+jX
求
seek
Old Chinese: *[g](r)u
Middle Chinese: gjuw
門
gate, door
Old Chinese: *mˤə[r]
Middle Chinese: mwon
倉
1: tshang-kaeng 'oriole'
Old Chinese: *[s.r̥]ˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: tshang
2: granary
Old Chinese: *tsʰˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: tshang
蒼
92
창
푸를
TODO: keyword
古色蒼然
萬頃蒼波
萬頃蒼波
고색창연
만경창파
만경창파
an old building is in a peaceful, archaic state
the wide, blue ocean. 만 이랑(furrows [crops])의 푸른 물결.
the wide, blue ocean. 만 이랑(furrows [crops])의 푸른 물결.
原
1: spring, source; origin
Old Chinese: *N-ɢʷar
Middle Chinese: ngjwon
2: high plain (n.)
Old Chinese: *N-ɢʷar
Middle Chinese: ngjwon
堇
1: time, season
Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]
Middle Chinese: gin
2: (a kind of vegetable)
Old Chinese: *kə[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+nX
3: clay
Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]
Middle Chinese: gin
巠
a vein of water (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *k.lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: keng
經
100
경
경서
TODO: keyword
經驗
經驗하다
經驗하다
경험
경험하다
경험하다
Experience or undergo or suffer
To experience or go through
To experience or go through
录
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: b·roːɡ
永
long (time)
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: hjwaengX
相
1: mutually
Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
2: appearance, quality
Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ-s
Middle Chinese: sjangH
想
108
상
생각할
TODO: keyword
豫想
理想
理想
예상
이상
이상
Expectation, anticipation; forecast, preconception, prenotion
An ideal, a goal; the sane goal, in accordance with a perfect vision
An ideal, a goal; the sane goal, in accordance with a perfect vision
票
leaping flames (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *pʰew
Middle Chinese: phjiew
禺
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ŋo
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ŋos
竟
end, in the end
Old Chinese: *[k]raŋʔ-s
Middle Chinese: kjaengH
采
1: gather, pluck
Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˤəʔ
Middle Chinese: tshojX
2: colorful
Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˤəʔ
Middle Chinese: tshojX
彩
120
채
무늬
TODO: keyword
光彩
色彩
色彩
광채
색채
색채
brilliance, radiance (radiancy), refulgence (refulgency), sheen
color, colour
color, colour
採
121
채
캘
TODO: keyword
採點
公採
公採
채점
공채
공채
marking,grading,scoring
a public invitation for job applicants
a public invitation for job applicants
長
1: long (adj.)
Old Chinese: *Cə-[N]-traŋ
Middle Chinese: drjang
2: grow; elder
Old Chinese: *traŋʔ
Middle Chinese: trjangX
奇
1: odd (number)
Old Chinese: *[k](r)aj
Middle Chinese: kje
2: strange
Old Chinese: *N-k(r)aj
Middle Chinese: gje
寄
127
기
부칠
TODO: keyword
寄與
寄與하다
寄與하다
기여
기여하다
기여하다
Contribution or service to a community or group
to contribute or add to. 이바지하다
to contribute or add to. 이바지하다
奔
run (v.)
Old Chinese: *pˤur
Middle Chinese: pwon
岡
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: klaːŋ
巨
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡaʔ
拒
136
거
막을
TODO: keyword
拒絶하다
拒否
拒否
거절하다
거부
거부
Refuse or reject
denial, disavowal, disclamation, nay, negative, refusal, renunciation
denial, disavowal, disclamation, nay, negative, refusal, renunciation
敝
destroy; worn out
Old Chinese: *[b]e[t]-s
Middle Chinese: bjiejH
敬
respectful
Old Chinese: *kreŋ(ʔ)-s
Middle Chinese: kjaengH
氐
1: Western tribes
Old Chinese: *tˤij
Middle Chinese: tej
2: bottom
Old Chinese: *tˤijʔ
Middle Chinese: tejX
底
145
저
바닥
TODO: keyword
到底히
徹底하다
徹底하다
도저히
철저하다
철저하다
(도저히 + negative (지 않다/없다))Absolutely impossible ; by all means
thoroughness,cleanliness
thoroughness,cleanliness
卑
1: low, humble
Old Chinese: *pe
Middle Chinese: pjie
2: 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi
Old Chinese: *pe
Middle Chinese: pjie
君
lord; ruler
Old Chinese: *C.qur
Middle Chinese: kjun
群
151
군
무리
TODO: keyword
鷄群一鶴
群鷄一鶴
群鷄一鶴
계군일학
군계일학
군계일학
one guy who sticks (one crane, 일학) out of a crowd of chickens (계군) because he has special talent
a crane (일학)among a flock of chickens (군계). A somebody who really sticks out.
a crane (일학)among a flock of chickens (군계). A somebody who really sticks out.
謠
sing; song
Old Chinese: *law
Middle Chinese: yew
受
receive
Old Chinese: *[d]uʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyuwX
名
name
Old Chinese: *C.meŋ
Middle Chinese: mjieng
士
officer; gentleman
Old Chinese: *[m-s-]rəʔ
Middle Chinese: dzriX
夫
1: man
Old Chinese: *p(r)a
Middle Chinese: pju
2: this, that
Old Chinese: *[b]a
Middle Chinese: bju
3: final particle
Old Chinese: *ba
Middle Chinese: bju
安
1: peace(ful)
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: 'an
2: how
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: 'an
3: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: 'an
射
1: shoot; archer
Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk-s
Middle Chinese: zyaeH
2: hit with bow and arrow
Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk
Middle Chinese: zyek
建
set up, establish
Old Chinese: *[k]a[n]-s
Middle Chinese: kjonH
弟
younger brother
Old Chinese: *lˤəjʔ
Middle Chinese: dejX
昏
dusk, dark
Old Chinese: *m̥ˤu[n]
Middle Chinese: xwon
普
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰaːʔ
束
bind; bundle
Old Chinese: *s-tʰok
Middle Chinese: syowk
果
fruit; result
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤo[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kwaX
爻
1: change; hexagram
Old Chinese: *N-kˤraw
Middle Chinese: haew
2: change; hexagram
Old Chinese: *N-kˤraw
Middle Chinese: haew
秝
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: reːɡ
要
important
Old Chinese: *[q]ew(k)-s
Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
食
1: eat
Old Chinese: *mə-lək
Middle Chinese: zyik
2: feed (v.)
Old Chinese: *s-m-lək-s
Middle Chinese: ziH
从
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: zloŋ
具
arrange, provide
Old Chinese: *[g](r)o-s
Middle Chinese: gjuH
刃
edge of a blade
Old Chinese: *nə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: nyinH
利
sharp; profit
Old Chinese: *C.ri[t]-s
Middle Chinese: lijH
制
cut out, prepare
Old Chinese: *tet-s
Middle Chinese: tsyejH
區
(a measure)
Old Chinese: *qˤ(r)o
Middle Chinese: 'uw
參
1: accumulate
Old Chinese: r̥ˤəʔ
Middle Chinese: tshom
2: 參差 tsrhim.tsrhje uneven
Old Chinese: *[tsʰr][u]m
Middle Chinese: tsrhim
3: three
Old Chinese: *s.rum (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)
Middle Chinese: sam
4: the constellation Orion’ (named for the three stars in Orion’s belt)
Old Chinese: *srum (should be *s.rum)
Middle Chinese: srim
叚
borrow
Old Chinese: *Cə.kˤraʔ
Middle Chinese: kaeX
喿
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: saːws
壬
9th heavenly stem
Old Chinese: *n[ə]m
Middle Chinese: nyim
寸
thumb; inch
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ˤu[n]-s
Middle Chinese: tshwonH
希
thin, sparse
Old Chinese: *qʰəj
Middle Chinese: xj+j
平
1: distinguish; punctiious
Old Chinese: *[b]en
Middle Chinese: bjien
2: even (adj.)
Old Chinese: *breŋ
Middle Chinese: bjaeng
3: make even
Old Chinese: *m-breŋ
Middle Chinese: bjaeng
徵
examine
Old Chinese: *trəŋ
Middle Chinese: tring
憂
grief, grieved
Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)u
Middle Chinese: 'juw
戒
be on guard
Old Chinese: *kˤrək-s (~ kˤrək)
Middle Chinese: keajH
曼
1: distant
Old Chinese: *mˤa[n]-s
Middle Chinese: manH
2: extended, long
Old Chinese: *ma[n]-s
Middle Chinese: mjonH
术
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: l'ud
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɦljud
毌
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: koːn
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: koːns
比
1: compare
Old Chinese: *C.pijʔ
Middle Chinese: pjijX
2: combine; all
Old Chinese: *pij-s
Middle Chinese: pjijH
無
1: not have
Old Chinese: *ma
Middle Chinese: mju
2: volitional prefix
Old Chinese: *ma
Middle Chinese: mju
3: don’t
Old Chinese: *mo
Middle Chinese: mju
爲
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷal
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷal
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷals
犮
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: boːd
畜
1: domesticated animals
Old Chinese: *qʰ
Middle Chinese: trhjuwH
2: store (v.)
Old Chinese: *qʰ
Middle Chinese: trhjuwk
3: domestic animal
Old Chinese: *qʰuk-s
Middle Chinese: xjuwH
4: nourish
Old Chinese: *qʰuk
Middle Chinese: xjuwk
示
1: show (v.)
Old Chinese: *s-gijʔ-s
Middle Chinese: zyijH
2: put (= 寘)
Old Chinese: *ke-s
Middle Chinese: tsyeH
系
bind (v.)
Old Chinese: *[m]-kˤek-s
Middle Chinese: hejH
肰
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: njen
般
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: praːn
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: paːn
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: baːn
袁
long robe
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷa[n]
Middle Chinese: hjwon
象
elephant
Old Chinese: *s.[d]aŋʔ
Middle Chinese: zjangX
貝
cowry shell
Old Chinese: *pˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: pajH
買
buy
Old Chinese: *mˤrajʔ
Middle Chinese: meaX
閒
齊
1: uniform, equal
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj
Middle Chinese: dzej
2: Qí (place name)
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj
Middle Chinese: dzej
亢
lift high
Old Chinese: *k-ŋˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: kang
侯
feudal lord
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤ(r)o
Middle Chinese: huw
冘
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: lu
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: lum
劦
with united forces
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤep
Middle Chinese: hep
司
superintend
Old Chinese: *s-lə
Middle Chinese: si
吴
坐
1: sit
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: dzwaX
2: to set
Old Chinese: *m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: dzwaX
3: seat n.
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s
Middle Chinese: dzwaH
孰
who
Old Chinese: *[d]uk
Middle Chinese: dzyuwk
廷
courtyard
Old Chinese: *lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: deng
東
east
Old Chinese: *tˤoŋ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?)
Middle Chinese: tuwng
氾
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰoms
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: bom
章
brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Old Chinese: *taŋ
Middle Chinese: tsyang
胃
stomach
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[t]-s
Middle Chinese: hjw+jH
贊
assist
Old Chinese: *tsˤarʔ-s
Middle Chinese: tsanH
辡
criminals accusing one another (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *prenʔ
Middle Chinese: pjenX
量
1: measure (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ
Middle Chinese: ljang
2: measure (n.)
Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ-s
Middle Chinese: ljangH
陳
1: arrange
Old Chinese: *lri[n]
Middle Chinese: drin
2: battle array
Old Chinese: *lri[n]-s
Middle Chinese: drinH
頃
interval, short while
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰeŋʔ
Middle Chinese: khjwiengX
州
islet in stream; province
Old Chinese: *tu
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
襄
1: remove
Old Chinese: *s-naŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
2: Xiāng (personal name)
Old Chinese: *s-naŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
壤
294
양
흙
TODO: keyword
平壤
鼓腹擊壤
鼓腹擊壤
평양
고복격양
고복격양
Capital of north korea
a peaceful, prosperous period for the citizens (an age, a period). 고 (a drum) + 복 (stomach) = is hitting your stomach. 격양 = attacking the earth 땅.
a peaceful, prosperous period for the citizens (an age, a period). 고 (a drum) + 복 (stomach) = is hitting your stomach. 격양 = attacking the earth 땅.
乎
1: (Q particle)
Old Chinese: *ɢˤa
Middle Chinese: hu
2: in, at
Old Chinese: *ɢˤa
Middle Chinese: hu
凶
unlucky
Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)oŋ
Middle Chinese: xjowng
匘
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: nuːʔ
惱
300
뇌
괴로워할
TODO: keyword
苦惱
百八煩惱
百八煩惱
고뇌
백팔번뇌
백팔번뇌
agony, anguish, martyrdom, pain, woe
108 (the famous 108 times you say a prayer in Buddhism, or for sth else) + 번뇌 (Buddhist word for the pain felt by being a victim of desires) = the 108 pains
108 (the famous 108 times you say a prayer in Buddhism, or for sth else) + 번뇌 (Buddhist word for the pain felt by being a victim of desires) = the 108 pains
咅
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰɯʔ
Middle Chinese: pʰuʔ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰl'oːs
Middle Chinese: tʰoːs
喬
high, tall
Old Chinese: *[N-k](r)aw
Middle Chinese: gjew
垂
hang down
Old Chinese: *[d]o[j]
Middle Chinese: dzywe
役
war expedition; service
Old Chinese: *ɢʷek
Middle Chinese: ywek
戊
5th heavenly stem
Old Chinese: *m(r)uʔ-s (~ *m(r)uʔ)
Middle Chinese: muwH
昌
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tʰjaŋ
朋
set of cowries; friend
Old Chinese: *[b]ˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: bong
沓
join, unite
Old Chinese: *m-rˤəp
Middle Chinese: dop
畓
316
답
논
TODO: keyword
門前沃畓
문전옥답
옥답(기름진논) = 집 앞 가까이에 있는 기름진 논 (a rich, fertile field)
This character was coined in Korea (it is a 國字 or gukja) to represent the Korean word for rice paddy (논). There was no Chinese character to indicate a rice paddy, so Koreans originally used 水田, the chinese word for it. As writing was vertical, it was a natural step to combine the two characters vertically. It is assumed that the Sino-Korean pronunciation 답 was taken from the similar-looking character 沓.
烏
1: oh!
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa
Middle Chinese: 'u
2: crow, raven; black
Old Chinese: *qˤa
Middle Chinese: 'u
3: 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)
Old Chinese: *ʔˤa
Middle Chinese: 'u
皿
vessel, bowl
Old Chinese: *mraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: mjaengX
睘
turn around, return
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤ
Middle Chinese: hwaen
米
millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished
Old Chinese: *(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ
Middle Chinese: mejX
縣
1: district
Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ʷˤe[n]-s
Middle Chinese: hwenH
2: suspend
Old Chinese: *[g]ʷˤe[n]
Middle Chinese: hwen
連
1: [surname]
Old Chinese: *C.ra[n]
Middle Chinese: ljen
2: connect in a row
Old Chinese: *[r]a[n]
Middle Chinese: ljen
郤
(place and family name)
Old Chinese: *[k]ʰrak
Middle Chinese: khjaek
金
metal, bronze
Old Chinese: *k(r)[ə]m
Middle Chinese: kim
閏
intercalary month
Old Chinese: *nu[n]-s
Middle Chinese: nywinH