Pure Groups

These groups have only a single pronunciation shared by all characters in the group, making them the easiest to learn and remember.

may; acceptable

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤa[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: khaX

1
なに、なん*
what
幾何学
幾何
きかがく
きか
(n) geometry/(P)
(n) geometry/(P)
2
possible
可能
可能性
かのう
かのうせい
(adj-na,n) possible/practicable/feasible/(P)
(n) potentiality/likelihood/possibility/availability/(P)
3
うた、うた-う
song
歌詞
歌手
かし
かしゅ
(n) song lyrics/words of a song/libretto/(P)
(n) singer/(P)
4
かわ
river
河川
河口
かせん
かこう
(n) rivers/(P)
(n) mouth of river/estuary/(P)
5
torment
苛酷
苛烈
かこく
かれつ
(adj-na,n) rigour/rigor/severity/cruelty/harsh
(adj-na,n) severe/stern
6
luggage
入荷
出荷
にゅうか
しゅっか
(n,vs) arrival of goods/goods received/(P)
(n,vs) shipping/outgoing freight/forwarding/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pruː

7
ホウ(ハウ)
つつ-む
wrap
包装
包帯
ほうそう
ほうたい
(n,vs) packing/wrapping/(P)
(n,vs) bandage/dressing/(P)
8
ホウ(ハウ)
いだ-く、かか-える、だ-く
embrace
抱負
抱腹絶倒
ほうふ
ほうふくぜっとう
(n) aspiration/ambition/pretension/(P)
(n,vs) very funny/laugh oneself into convulsions/split one's sides laughing
9
ホウ(ハウ)
あわ
bubbles
発泡
発泡酒
はっぽう
はっぽうしゅ
(n,vs) foaming/(P)
(n) (1) sparkling wine/(2) low-malt beer
10
ホウ(ハウ)
cannon
鉄砲
発砲
てっぽう
はっぽう
(n) (1) gun/(2) wooden pole that sumo wrestlers strike in practice (practise)/(3) (col) fugu/(P)
(n,vs) firing/discharge of gun/(P)
11
ホウ(ハウ)
placenta
細胞
同胞
さいぼう
どうほう
(n) cell (biology)/(P)
(n) brethren/brothers/fellow countrymen/fellowman/compatriot/(P)
12
ホウ(ハウ)
あ-かす、あ-きる
sated
飽和
飽食
ほうわ
ほうしょく
(n,vs) saturation/(P)
(n,vs) gluttony/satiation/engorgement/(P)

cross (v.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤraw

Middle Chinese: kaew

13
コウ(カウ)
か-う、か-わす、ま-ざる、ま-じる、ま-ぜる、まじ-える、まじ-わる
mix
交流
交通
こうりゅう
こうつう
(n,vs) (1) intercourse/(cultural) exchange/intermingling/(2) alternating current/AC/(P)
(n,vs) communication/transportation/traffic/intercourse/(P)
14
コウ(カウ)
き-く
effect
有効
効率
ゆうこう
こうりつ
(adj-na,n) validity/legality/availability/effectiveness/(P)
(n) efficiency/efficacy/performance/utility factor/(P)
15
コウ(カウ)
school
高校
小学校
こうこう
しょうがっこう
(n) (abbr) senior high school/(P)
(n) primary school/elementary school/grade school/(P)
16
コウ(カウ)
し-まる、し-める、しぼ-る
strangle
絞殺
絞首刑
こうさつ
こうしゅけい
(n,vs) hanging/strangulation/(P)
(n) death by hanging/(P)
17
コウ(カウ)
outskirts
近郊
郊外
きんこう
こうがい
(n) suburbs/outskirts/(P)
(n) suburb/outskirts/(P)

criminals accusing one another (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *prenʔ

Middle Chinese: pjenX

18
ベン
petal
安全弁
アンゼンベン
(n) safety valve
19
ベン
to manage
合弁会社
ゴウベンガイシャ
(n) joint venture or concern
20
ベン
to separate
弁当
ベントウ
(n) bento (Japanese box lunch)
21
ベン
braid
弁髪
ベンパツ
(n) pigtail/queue
22
ベン
articulate
関西弁
カンサイベン
(n) Kansai dialect

give

Old Chinese: *p(r)o-s

Middle Chinese: pjuH

23
つ-く、つ-ける
attach
付近
付録
ふきん
ふろく
(n,n-suf) (1) neighbourhood/neighborhood/vicinity/environs/(2) (obsc) approaching/(P)
(n) appendix/supplement/annex/(P)
24
urban prefecture
京都府
府中
きょうとふ
ふちゅう
(n) Kyoto (metropolitan area)
(n) Fuchuu (in Tokyo)/(P)
25
token
音符
終止符
おんぷ
しゅうしふ
(n) (1) musical note/note symbol/(2) phonetic symbol (inc. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.)/(3) part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)/(P)
(n) (1) full stop/period/(2) end/(P)
26
くさ-らす、くさ-る、くさ-れる
rot
腐女子
腐敗
ふじょし
ふはい
(n) (sl) a girl who is very enthusiastic about comics featuring male homoeroticism
(n,vs) decay/depravity/(P)
27
affixed
附属
附近
ふぞく
ふきん
(n,vs) attached/belonging (to)/included/enclosed/affiliated/annexed/associated/subordinate/incidental/dependent/auxiliary/(P)
(n,n-suf) (1) neighbourhood/neighborhood/vicinity/environs/(2) (obsc) approaching

superintend

Old Chinese: *s-lə

Middle Chinese: si

28
うかが-う
pay respects
伺候
奉伺
しこう
ほうし
(n,vs) waiting upon (someone)
(n,vs) inquiring about (one's health)
29
director
上司
司会
じょうし
しかい
(n) superior authorities/boss/(P)
(n,vs) chairmanship/leading a meeting/(P)
30
heir
嗣子
継嗣
しし
けいし
(n) heir
(n) (arch) successor/heir/heiress
31
poetry
作詞
代名詞
さくし
だいめいし
(n,vs) (writing) song lyrics/(P)
(n) (1) (ling) pronoun/(2) synonym/classic example/pattern/byword/representative/(P)
32
か-う
domesticate
飼育
飼料
しいく
しりょう
(n,vs) breeding/raising/rearing/(P)
(n) fodder/feed/(P)

yes, agree; satisfied, at ease

Old Chinese: *lo

Middle Chinese: yu

33
metaphor
比喩
暗喩
ひゆ
あんゆ
(n) simile/metaphor/(P)
(n) metaphor
34
pleasure
不愉快
愉快犯
ふゆかい
ゆかいはん
(adj-na,n) discomfort/unpleasantness/disagreeableness/unhappiness/(P)
(n) criminal who takes delight in people's reaction to his crimes
35
い-える、い-やす
healing
治癒
癒着
ちゆ
ゆちゃく
(n,vs) healing/cure/recovery/(P)
(n,vs) adhesion/(P)
36
さと-す
rebuke
教諭
諭吉
きょうゆ
ゆきち
(n,vs) teacher/(P)
(n) (sl) 10,000 yen note
37
transport
輸入
輸出
ゆにゅう
ゆしゅつ
(n,vs) importation/import/introduction/(P)
(n,vs) export/(P)

cut meat from the bone

Old Chinese: *kʷˤrajʔ

Middle Chinese: kwaeX

38
カ(クヮ)
うず
whirlpool
渦中
渦状
かちゅう
かじょう
(n) vortex/maelstrom/whirlpool/convulsions/upheaval/(P)
(n) spiral
39
カ(クヮ)
あやま-ち、あやま-つ、す-ぎる、す-ごす
go beyond
過去
経過
かこ
けいか
(n-adv,n) the past/bygone days/the previous/(P)
(n,vs) passage/expiration/progress/(P)
40
カ(クヮ)
なべ
pot
コロナ鍋
鍋戸
コロナカ
カコ
(n) A stew with enoki mushrooms sticking out of meatballs to look like the spikes on a Corona virus. Pun with コロナ禍.
(n) Someone who makes salt by boiling seawater in a large pot
41
カ(クヮ)
calamity
禍福
禍根
かふく
かこん
(n) weal and woe
(n) root of evil/(P)

中冓 inner chamber

Old Chinese: *kˤ(r)o-s

Middle Chinese: kuwH

42
コウ
かま-う、かま-える
construct
構成
構造
こうせい
こうぞう
(n,vs) organization/organisation/configuration/composition/(P)
(n) structure/construction/(P)
43
コウ
みぞ
gutter
側溝
排水溝
そっこう
はいすいこう
(n) gutter/ditch
(n) drainage
44
コウ(カウ)
lecture
講座
講演
こうざ
こうえん
(n) lectureship/chair/course/(P)
(n,vs) lecture/address/speech/(P)
45
コウ
subscription
購入
購読
こうにゅう
こうどく
(n,vs) purchase/buy/(P)
(n,vs) subscription (e.g. magazine)/(P)

1: pungent; painful

Old Chinese: *[s]i[n]

Middle Chinese: sin

2: 8th heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *si[n]

Middle Chinese: sin

46
シン
あたら-しい、あら-た、にい
new
新聞
最新情報
しんぶん
さいしんじょうほう
(n) newspaper/(P)
(n) the latest information/(P)
47
シン
たきぎ
fuel
薪炭
薪水
しんたん
しんすい
(n) wood and charcoal/fuel/(P)
(n) fuel and water/cooking/salary
48
シン
おや、した-しい、した-しむ
parent
親子
両親
しんし
りょうしん
(n) parent and child
(n) parents/both parents/(P)
49
シン
から-い
spicy
辛抱
香辛料
しんぼう
こうしんりょう
(n,vs) patience/endurance/(P)
(n) spices/(P)

official (n.)

Old Chinese: *kʷˤa[n]

Middle Chinese: kwan

50
カン(クヮン)
government official
官僚
長官
かんりょう
ちょうかん
(n) bureaucrat/bureaucracy/(P)
(n) secretary (government)/director/chief/(P)
51
カン(クヮン)
coffin
納棺
出棺
のうかん
しゅっかん
(n,vs) placing of body in coffin
(n,vs) carrying out a coffin/funeral procession
52
カン(クヮン)
くだ
pipe
管理人
管理
かんりにん
かんり
(n) manager
(n,vs) control/management (e.g. of a business)/(P)
53
カン(クヮン)
やかた
public building
美術館
別館
びじゅつかん
べっかん
(n) art gallery/art museum/(P)
(n) (hotel) annexe (annex)/(P)

1: leather

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[j]

Middle Chinese: hjw+j

2: go against

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[j]

Middle Chinese: hjw+j

54
イ(ヰ)
えら-い
admirable
偉大
偉業
いだい
いぎょう
(adj-na,n) greatness/(P)
(n) great enterprise/exploits/(P)
55
イ(ヰ)
かこ-う、かこ-む
surround
雰囲気
範囲
ふんいき
はんい
(n) atmosphere (e.g. musical)/mood/ambience/ambiance/(P)
(n) extent/scope/sphere/range/span/(P)
56
イ(ヰ)
horizontal
経緯
北緯
けいい
ほくい
(n,vs) (1) details/whole story/sequence of events/particulars/how it started/how things got this way/(2) complications/position/(P)
(n) north latitude/(P)
57
イ(ヰ)
ちが-う、ちが-える
differ
違和感
違反
いわかん
いはん
(n) (1) uncomfortable feeling/feeling out of place/sense of discomfort/(2) malaise/physical unease/(P)
(n,vs) violation (of law)/transgression/infringement/breach/(P)

return

Old Chinese: *m-p(r)uk

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

58
フク
again
復活
回復
ふっかつ
かいふく
(n,vs) (1) revival (e.g. musical)/come-back/(2) restoration/rebirth/resurrection/(P)
(n,vs) recovery (from illness)/improvement/rehabilitation/restoration/convalescence/(P)
59
フク
はら
abdomen
満腹
腹筋
まんぷく
ふくきん
(adj-na,n,vs) filling the stomach/full stomach
(n,vs) (1) sit-up/(2) abdominal muscles/abs
60
フク
duplicate
複雑
複数
ふくざつ
ふくすう
(adj-na) complex/complicated/(P)
(n,adj-no) several/plural/plurality/multiple/(P)
61
フク
おお-う、くつがえ-す、くつがえ-る
capsize
覆面
転覆
ふくめん
てんぷく
(n,vs) mask/veil/disguise/(P)
(n,vs) (1) capsizing/overturn/turning over/upset/(2) overthrow (e.g. a government)/(P)

1: gather, pluck

Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˤəʔ

Middle Chinese: tshojX

2: colorful

Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˤəʔ

Middle Chinese: tshojX

62
サイ
いろど-る
coloring
多彩
色彩
たさい
しきさい
(adj-na,n) variegated/varicoloured/multi-colored/diverse/(P)
(n) colour/color/hue/tints/(P)
63
サイ
と-る
pick
採用
採点
さいよう
さいてん
(n,vs) (1) use/adoption/acceptance/(2) appointment/employment/engagement/(P)
(n,vs) marking/grading/looking over/(P)
64
サイ
vegetable
野菜
菜園
やさい
さいえん
(n) vegetable/(P)
(n) vegetable garden/(P)
65
サイ
form
采配
拍手喝采
さいはい
はくしゅかっさい
(n) baton (of command)
(n,vs) clapping and cheering/applause

5th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[d]ər

Middle Chinese: dzyin

66
シン
くちびる
lips
下唇
口唇
かしん
こうしん
(n) lower lip
(n) lips/labia
67
シン
with child
妊娠
妊娠中絶
にんしん
にんしんちゅうぜつ
(n,vs) conception/pregnancy/(P)
(n) abortion/pregnancy termination
68
シン
ふ-る、ふ-るう、ふ-れる
shake
三振
振動
さんしん
しんどう
(n,vs) strike out (baseball)/fanning out/(P)
(n,vs) oscillation/vibration/(P)
69
シン
ふる-う、ふる-える
quake
地震
大地震
じしん
だいじしん
(n) earthquake/(P)
(n) major earthquake

all

Old Chinese: *kˤrij

Middle Chinese: keaj

70
カイ
square character style
楷書
かいしょ
(n) printed style writing/(P)
71
カイ
みな
all
皆無
皆既
かいむ
かいき
(adj-na,n) nothing/(P)
(n) total eclipse/totality
72
カイ
harmony
俳諧
諧調
はいかい
かいちょう
(n) (abbr) haikai (humourous or vulgar renga poetry) (humorous)
(n) melody/harmony/unity/euphony
73
カイ
floor of a building
段階
階段
だんかい
かいだん
(n) gradation/grade/stage/steps/order/class/phase/(P)
(n) stairs/stairway/staircase/(P)

hemp

Old Chinese: *C.mˤraj

Middle Chinese: mae

74
chafe
摩天楼
護摩
まてんろう
ごま
(n) skyscraper/(P)
(n) Buddhist rite of cedar-stick burning
75
みが-く
grind
研磨
錬磨
けんま
れんま
(iK) (n,vs) grinding/polishing/studying/(P)
(n,vs) training/practice/practise/cultivation
76
witch
お邪魔
魔女
おじゃま
まじょ
(n,vs) (pol) hindrance/intrusion (suru and itasu verb forms are used as set phrases said prior to entering or leaving someone's home)
(n) witch/(P)
77
あさ
hemp
麻薬
大麻
まやく
たいま
(n) narcotic drugs/narcotic/opium/dope/(P)
(n) (1) hemp/cannabis/(2) Shinto paper offerings/(P)

1: (respectful suffix in male names)

Old Chinese: *p(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: pjuX

2: father

Old Chinese: *[N-p](r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuX

78
ぬの
linen
毛布
麻布
もうふ
まふ
(n) blanket/(P)
(n) hemp cloth/linen
79
こわ-い
dreadful
恐怖症
恐怖心
きょうふしょう
きょうふしん
(n) morbid fear/phobia/(P)
(n) fear/terror
80
ちち
father
親父
義父
しんぷ
ぎふ
(n) one's father/old man/one's boss
(n) father-in-law/foster father/stepfather/(P)
81
かま
kettle
釜中の魚
フチュウノウオ
(n) A fish being boiled in a pot; at death's door

1: Western tribes

Old Chinese: *tˤij

Middle Chinese: tej

2: bottom

Old Chinese: *tˤijʔ

Middle Chinese: tejX

82
テイ
ひく-い、ひく-まる、ひく-める
low
最低
低下
さいてい
ていか
(adj-na,adv,n) (1) least/lowest/worst/(2) nasty/disgusting/horrible/yuck!/(P)
(n,vs) fall/decline/lowering/deterioration/degradation/(P)
83
テイ
そこ
bottom
徹底
徹底的
てってい
てっていてき
(n,vs) thoroughness/completeness/(P)
(adj-na) thorough/complete/(P)
84
テイ
resist
大抵
抵抗力
たいてい
ていこうりょく
(adj-na,adv,n) (1) (uk) mostly/ordinarily/usually/generally/(2) probably/(adj-no,n) (3) most/almost all/(4) (before a neg. form) ordinary/(adj-na) (5) proper/appropriate/moderate/(P)
(n) (power of) resistance
85
テイ
residence
官邸
首相官邸
かんてい
しゅしょうかんてい
(n) official residence/(P)
(n) prime minister's official residence

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: saːws

86
ソウ(サウ)
あやつ-る、みさお
maneuver
体操
ラジオ体操
たいそう
ラジオたいそう
(n,vs) gymnastics/physical exercises/calisthenics/(P)
(n) radio calisthenics
87
ソウ(サウ)
parch
乾燥機
無味乾燥
かんそうき
むみかんそう
(n) drying machine/dryer/desiccator
(adj-na,n) dull and uninteresting/cut-and-dried
88
ソウ
く-る
winding
繰糸機
そうしき
(n) silk reeling machine
89
ソウ(サウ)
seaweed
海藻
藻類
かいそう
そうるい
(n) seaweed/(P)
(n) seaweed/algae/(P)

burnt offering

Old Chinese: *[r][a]w-s

Middle Chinese: ljewH

90
リョウ(レウ)
colleague
内閣閣僚
官僚主導
ないかくかくりょう
かんりょうしゅどう
(n) cabinet members
(n) initiative taken by bureaucrats in the drafting of government policies and bills (rather than by politicians)
91
リョウ(レウ)
dormitory
茶寮
茶寮
さりょう
ちゃりょう
(n) tea ceremony cottage, hut or room
(n) tea ceremony cottage, hut or room
92
リョウ(レウ)
heal
療法
診療
りょうほう
しんりょう
(n) remedy/medical treatment/(P)
(n,vs) medical examination and treatment/diagnosis/(P)
93
リョウ(レウ)
clear
一目瞭然
明瞭
いちもくりょうぜん
めいりょう
(adj-na,n) apparent/obvious/very clear
(adj-na,n) clarity/(P)

1: remove

Old Chinese: *s-naŋ

Middle Chinese: sjang

2: Xiāng (personal name)

Old Chinese: *s-naŋ

Middle Chinese: sjang

94
ジョウ(ジャウ)
lot
土壌
土壌汚染
どじょう
どじょうおせん
(n) soil/(P)
(n) soil pollution
95
ジョウ(ヂャウ)
lass
お嬢
風俗嬢
おじょう
ふうぞくじょう
(n) (hon) (someone else's) daughter
(n) woman who works in the sex industry
96
ジョウ(ジャウ)
ゆず-る
defer
譲渡
分譲
じょうと
ぶんじょう
(n,vs) transfer/assignment/conveyance/(P)
(n,vs) selling (real-estate) lots/(P)
97
ジョウ(ヂャウ)
かも-す
brew
醸造
醸成
じょうぞう
じょうせい
(n,vs) brewing/distillation/(P)
(n,vs) brew/foment/breed/(P)

press between

Old Chinese: *kˤep

Middle Chinese: keap

98
キョウ(ケフ)
gorge
海峡
関門海峡
かいきょう
かんもんかいきょう
(n) channel (e.g. between two land masses)/strait/(P)
(n) Kanmon Straits (between Honshu and Kyushu)
99
キョウ(ケフ)
はさ-まる、はさ-む
pinch
挟撃
挟殺
きょうげき
きょうさつ
(n,vs) pincer movement/pincer attack
(n,vs) (baseball) rundown
100
キョウ(ケフ)
せば-まる、せば-める、せま-い
cramped
狭心症
狭義
きょうしんしょう
きょうぎ
(n) heart attack/angina pectoris/(P)
(n,adj-no) narrow sense (e.g. of a word)/strict
101
キョウ
ほお
cheek
頬骨
頬筋
きょうこつ
きょうきん
(n) cheekbones/zygomatic bone/malar bone
(n) buccinator muscle

seek

Old Chinese: *[g](r)u

Middle Chinese: gjuw

102
キュウ(キウ)
すく-う
salvation
救済
救急
きゅうさい
きゅうきゅう
(n,vs) relief/aid/rescue/salvation/help/(P)
(n) first-aid/emergency (aid)/(P)
103
キュウ(キウ)
もと-める
request
要求
請求
ようきゅう
せいきゅう
(n,vs) demand/firm request/requisition/requirement/(P)
(n,vs) claim/demand/charge/application/request/billing (for a service)/(P)
104
キュウ(キウ)
たま
sphere
野球
地球
やきゅう
ちきゅう
(n) baseball/(P)
(n,adj-no) the earth/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔslɯː

105
サイ
plantation
栽培
盆栽
さいばい
ぼんさい
(n,vs) cultivation/(P)
(n) bonsai/(P)
106
サイ
さば-く、た-つ
judge
裁判
総裁
さいばん
そうさい
(n,vs) trial/judgement/judgment/(P)
(n) president/(P)
107
サイ
の-せる、の-る
ride
満載
連載
まんさい
れんさい
(n,vs) fully loaded/full load/loaded condition/(P)
(n,vs) serialization/serialisation/serial story/(P)

1: small; almost

Old Chinese: *kəj

Middle Chinese: kj+j

2: few; how many

Old Chinese: *kəjʔ

Middle Chinese: kj+jX

108
いく
how many
幾何学的
幾何級数
きかがくてき
きかきゅうすう
(adj-na) geometrical
(n) geometric series or progression
109
はた
machine
機会
機能
きかい
きのう
(n) chance/opportunity/(P)
(n,vs) function/facility/faculty/feature/(P)
110
capital
近畿
近畿地方
きんき
きんきちほう
(n) Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)/(P)
(n) Kinki region (inc. Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Mie and Shiga prefectures)

1: replenish

Old Chinese: *[ts]ok-s

Middle Chinese: tsjuH

2: sufficient

Old Chinese: *[ts]ok

Middle Chinese: tsjowk

3: foot

Old Chinese: *[ts]ok

Middle Chinese: tsjowk

111
ソク
うなが-す
stimulate
促進
催促
そくしん
さいそく
(n,vs) promotion/acceleration/encouragement/facilitation/spurring on/(P)
(n,vs) request/demand/claim/urge (action)/press for/(P)
112
ソク
とら-える
capture
捕捉
把捉
ほそく
はそく
(n,vs) (comp) capture/seizure
(n,vs) grasping (a meaning)
113
ソク
あし、た-す、た-りる、た-る
foot
満足
不足
まんぞく
ふそく
(adj-na,n,vs) (1) satisfaction/(2) (math) sufficiency/(P)
(adj-na,n,vs) insufficiency/shortage/deficiency/lack/dearth/(P)

1: go to

Old Chinese: *tə

Middle Chinese: tsyi

2: (3p object pronoun; attributive particle)

Old Chinese: *tə

Middle Chinese: tsyi

114
こころざ-す、こころざし
intention
意志
志向
いし
しこう
(n) will/volition/intention/intent/determination/(P)
(n,vs) intention/aim/(P)
115
しば
turf
霊芝
れいし
(n) bracket fungus/Ganoderma lucidum (formerly Fomes japonicus)
116
document
日誌
情報誌
にっし
じょうほうし
(n) journal/log/(P)
(n) information magazine

1: (morning) audience at court

Old Chinese: *m-taw

Middle Chinese: drjew

2: morning

Old Chinese: *taw

Middle Chinese: trjew

117
チョウ(テウ)
あざけ-る
ridicule
嘲笑
自嘲
ちょうしょう
じちょう
(n,vs) scorn/sneer
(n,vs) self derision
118
チョウ(テウ)
あさ
morning
今朝
朝食
こんちょう
ちょうしょく
(n-t) this morning
(n) breakfast/(P)
119
チョウ(テウ)
しお
tide
新潮
風潮
しんちょう
ふうちょう
(n) Shinchou (magazine and publisher)
(n) (1) tide/current/(2) tendency/(P)

courtyard

Old Chinese: *lˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: deng

120
テイ
にわ
garden
家庭
庭園
かてい
ていえん
(n) home/family/household/(P)
(n) garden/park/(P)
121
テイ
courts
法廷
宮廷
ほうてい
きゅうてい
(n) courtroom/(P)
(n) imperial court/royal court/(P)
122
テイ
rowboat
競艇
艦艇
きょうてい
かんてい
(n) boat race/(P)
(n) military vessel/war fleet/(P)

brilliant; distinctive mark; to display

Old Chinese: *taŋ

Middle Chinese: tsyang

123
ショウ(シャウ)
patent
表彰式
表彰台
ひょうしょうしき
ひょうしょうだい
(n) commendation or awards ceremony
(n) victory stand/winners' podium
124
ショウ(シャウ)
chapter
文章
最終章
ぶんしょう
さいしゅうしょう
(n) (1) (ling) sentence/article/composition/(2) (writing) style/(P)
(n) last chapter (book, etc.)
125
ショウ(シャウ)
さわ-る
hurt
保障
障害者
ほしょう
しょうがいしゃ
(n,vs) guarantee/security/assurance/pledge/warranty/(P)
(n) (physically) handicapped person/disabled person/(P)

leaping flames (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *pʰew

Middle Chinese: phjiew

126
ヒョウ(ヘウ)
signpost
目標
標高
もくひょう
ひょうこう
(n) mark/objective/target/(P)
(n) elevation/height above sea level/(P)
127
ヒョウ(ヘウ)
ただよ-う
drift
漂流
漂着
ひょうりゅう
ひょうちゃく
(n,vs) drifting/drift/(P)
(n,vs) drifting ashore/(P)
128
ヒョウ(ヘウ)
ballot
一票
国民投票
いっぴょう
こくみんとうひょう
(n) ballot/vote/(P)
(n) national referendum/(P)

with united forces

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤep

Middle Chinese: hep

129
キョウ(ケフ)
cooperation
協力
協会
きょうりょく
きょうかい
(n,vs) cooperation/collaboration/(P)
(n) association/society/organization/organisation/(P)
130
キョウ(ケフ)
おど-かす、おど-す、おびや-かす
threaten
脅迫
脅迫状
きょうはく
きょうはくじょう
(n,vs) threat/menace/coercion/terrorism/(P)
(n) threatening or intimidating letter
131
キョウ(ケフ)
わき
aside
脇侍
脇息
きょうじ
きょうそく
(n) flanking attendant to the main deity of veneration in a temple
(n) armrest

five

Old Chinese: *C.ŋˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: nguX

132
いつ、いつ-つ
five
五輪
第五
ごりん
だいご
(n) the Olympics/(P)
(n) the fifth
133
さと-る
enlightenment
大悟
大悟
たいご
だいご
(n,vs) (Buddh) enlightenment/great wisdom
(n,vs) (Buddh) enlightenment/great wisdom
134
かた-らう、かた-る
language
日本語
国語
にっぽんご
こくご
(n) Japanese (language)
(n) (1) Japanese (language)/(2) national language/(3) native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)/(P)

east

Old Chinese: *tˤoŋ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?)

Middle Chinese: tuwng

135
トウ
こお-る、こご-える
frozen
冷凍
凍結
れいとう
とうけつ
(n,vs) freezing/cold storage/refrigeration/(P)
(n,vs) freeze (e.g. program)/(P)
136
トウ
ひがし
east
関東
東北
かんとう
とうほく
(n) Kantou (eastern half of Japan, including Tokyo)
(n) (1) north-east/(n) (2) Northern most six prefectures of Honshu/(P)
137
トウ
むな*、むね
ridgepole
病棟
上棟
びょうとう
じょうとう
(n) (hospital) ward/(P)
(n) raising the ridgepole

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡaʔ

138
キョ
gigantic
巨大
巨人
きょだい
きょじん
(adj-na,n) huge/gigantic/enormous/(P)
(n) (1) giant/great man/(2) (abbr) Tokyo Giants (baseball team)/(P)
139
キョ
こば-む
repel
拒否
拒絶
きょひ
きょぜつ
(n,vs) denial/veto/rejection/refusal/(P)
(n,vs) refusal/rejection/(P)
140
キョ
long-distance
距離
長距離
きょり
ちょうきょり
(n) distance/range/(P)
(n) long distance/long haul/(P)

1: long (adj.)

Old Chinese: *Cə-[N]-traŋ

Middle Chinese: drjang

2: grow; elder

Old Chinese: *traŋʔ

Middle Chinese: trjangX

141
チョウ(チャウ)
account book
雑記帳
日記帳
ざっきちょう
にっきちょう
(n) notebook/exercise book
(n) diary
142
チョウ(チャウ)
は-る
stretch
出張
主張
しゅっちょう
しゅちょう
(n,vs) official tour/business trip/(P)
(n,vs) claim/request/insistence/assertion/advocacy/emphasis/contention/opinion/tenet/(P)
143
チョウ(チャウ)
なが-い
long
店長
会長
てんちょう
かいちょう
(n) shop manager/(P)
(n) president (of a society)/chairman/(P)

long (time)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷraŋʔ

Middle Chinese: hjwaengX

144
エイ
なが-い
eternity
永遠
永久
えいえん
えいきゅう
(adj-no,adj-na,n) eternity/perpetuity/immortality/permanence/(P)
(adj-na,n) (1) eternity/perpetuity/immortality/(2) Eikyuu era (1113.7.13-1118.4.3)/(P)
145
エイ
およ-ぐ
swim
水泳
競泳
すいえい
きょうえい
(n,vs) swimming/(P)
(n,vs) swimming race/(P)
146
エイ
よ-む
recitation
題詠
詠唱
だいえい
えいしょう
(n) poetry composed on a set theme
(n,vs) aria

dark

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤi[n]

Middle Chinese: hwen

147
ゲン
つる
bowstring
管弦楽
管弦楽団
かんげんがく
かんげんがくだん
(n) orchestral music/(P)
(n) orchestra/(P)
148
ゲン
mysterious
玄関
玄米
げんかん
げんまい
(n) entranceway/entry hall/(P)
(n) unpolished rice/unmilled rice/brown rice/(P)
149
ゲン
gunwale
右舷
左舷
うげん
さげん
(n) starboard
(n) port (left side of vessel)

foot; stop

Old Chinese: *təʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyiX

150
と-まる、と-める
stop
中止
防止
ちゅうし
ぼうし
(n,vs) suspension/stoppage/discontinuance/interruption/(P)
(n,vs) prevention/check/(P)
151
tooth
歯科
歯科医院
しか
しかいいん
(n) dentistry/(P)
(n) dental clinic/dental surgery
152
welfare
福祉
社会福祉
ふくし
しゃかいふくし
(n,adj-f) welfare/well-being/social welfare/social security/social service/(P)
(n) social welfare/(P)

feudal lord

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤ(r)o

Middle Chinese: huw

153
コウ
marquis
侯爵
王侯
こうしゃく
おうこう
(n) marquis/marquess/(P)
(n) king and princes/noble rank/(P)
154
コウ
そうろう
climate
候補
天候
こうほ
てんこう
(n) (1) candidate/contender/prospect/pick/choice/list/(2) candidacy/candidature/nomination/(P)
(n) weather/(P)
155
コウ
のど
throat
耳鼻咽喉科
喉頭
じびいんこうか
こうとう
(n) ear, nose and throat section
(adj-na,n) larynx

spring, source

Old Chinese: *s-N-ɢʷar (MC I!)

Middle Chinese: dzjwen

156
セン
いずみ
spring
源泉
泉水
げんせん
せんすい
(n) source/(P)
(n) fountain/miniature lake/(P)
157
セン
line
路線
視線
ろせん
しせん
(n) route/line/alignment/(P)
(n) one's eyes/glance/look/(P)
158
セン
gland
涙腺
甲状腺
るいせん
こうじょうせん
(n) lachrymal or tear gland
(n) thyroid gland/(P)

lift high

Old Chinese: *k-ŋˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: kang

159
コウ(カウ)
pit
炭坑
坑儒
たんこう
こうじゅ
(n) coal mine/coal pit
(n) burying Confucian scholars alive
160
コウ(カウ)
confront
抵抗
対抗
ていこう
たいこう
(n,vs) electrical resistance/resistance/opposition/(P)
(n,vs) opposition/antagonism/(P)
161
コウ(カウ)
cruise
航空
航海
こうくう
こうかい
(n) aviation/flying/(P)
(n,vs) sail/voyage/(P)

sharp; profit

Old Chinese: *C.ri[t]-s

Middle Chinese: lijH

162
き-く
profit
権利
有利
けんり
ゆうり
(n) right/privilege/(P)
(adj-na,n) advantageous/better/profitable/lucrative/(P)
163
なし
pear tree
梨花
梨園
りか
りえん
(n) pear blossoms
(n) theatrical world
164
diarrhea
下痢
赤痢
げり
せきり
(n,vs) diarrhoea/diarrhea/(P)
(n) dysentery/(P)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰoms

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: bom

165
ハン
spread out
氾濫
はんらん
(n,vs) overflowing/flood/(P)
166
ハン
おか-す
crime
犯人
防犯
はんにん
ぼうはん
(n) offender/criminal/(P)
(n) prevention of crime/(P)
167
ハン
pattern
範囲内
師範
はんいない
しはん
(n) (comp) in range/within range
(adj-na,n) instructor/(fencing) teacher/model/(P)

flat and thin

Old Chinese: *pˤe[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: penX

168
ヘン
かたよ-る
partial
偏見
偏差値
へんけん
へんさち
(n) prejudice/narrow view/(P)
(n) (1) deviation/deviation value/(2) academic performance relative to the group average/(P)
169
ヘン
あ-む
compile
後編
編集長
こうへん
へんしゅうちょう
(n) latter part/sequel
(n) editor-in-chief
170
ヘン
everywhere
遍路
遍歴
へんろ
へんれき
(n) (1) pilgrimage/(2) pilgrim
(n,vs) travels/pilgrimage/itinerancy/(P)

1: left (side)

Old Chinese: *tsˤa[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsaX

2: assist

Old Chinese: *tsˤa[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsaX

3: assist

Old Chinese: *tsˤarʔ-s

Middle Chinese: tsaH

171
help
佐賀県
大佐
さがけん
たいさ
(n) Saga prefecture (Kyuushuu)
(n) colonel/(navy) captain/(P)
172
ひだり
left (direction)
左側
左翼
さそく
さよく
(n) left/left (hand) side
(n) left-wing/(P)
173
さ-す
distinction
格差
差別
かくさ
さべつ
(n) qualitative difference/disparity/(P)
(n,vs) discrimination/distinction/differentiation/(P)

sprout (n.)

Old Chinese: *m(r)aw

Middle Chinese: mjew

174
ビョウ(ベウ)
えが-く、か-く
sketch
描写
点描
びょうしゃ
てんびょう
(n,vs) depiction/description/portrayal/(P)
(n,vs) dotting/drawing dots/sketch
175
ビョウ(ベウ)
ねこ
cat
愛猫
愛猫家
あいびょう
あいびょうか
(n) pet cat
(n) cat lover
176
ビョウ(ベウ)
なえ、なわ*
seedling
種苗
育苗
しゅびょう
いくびょう
(n) seeds and seedlings/eggs and hatchlings/(fish) eggs and fry
(n,vs) raising seedlings

come together; pair

Old Chinese: *N-tsˤu

Middle Chinese: dzaw

177
ソウ(サウ)
cadet
軍曹
重曹
ぐんそう
じゅうそう
(n) sergeant
(n) baking soda/sodium bicarbonate
178
ソウ(サウ)
vat
水槽
浴槽
すいそう
よくそう
(n) water tank/cistern/fish tank/(P)
(n) bathtub/(P)
179
ソウ(サウ)
あ-う
encounter
遭難
遭難者
そうなん
そうなんしゃ
(n,vs) disaster/shipwreck/accident/(P)
(n) victim/survivor/sufferer

invade

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ][i]m

Middle Chinese: tshim

180
シン
おか-す
encroach
侵入
侵略
しんにゅう
しんりゃく
(n,vs) penetration/invasion/raid/aggression/trespass/(P)
(n,vs) aggression/invasion/raid/(P)
181
シン
ね-かす、ね-る
lie down
就寝
寝室
しゅうしん
しんしつ
(n,vs) going to bed/retiring/(P)
(n) bedroom/(P)
182
シン
ひた-す、ひた-る
immersed
浸透
浸水
しんとう
しんすい
(n,vs) permeation/penetration/soaking/osmosis/(P)
(n,vs) flood/inundation/(P)

destroy; worn out

Old Chinese: *[b]e[t]-s

Middle Chinese: bjiejH

183
ヘイ
cash
造幣局
貨幣
ぞうへいきょく
かへい
(n) (coin) mint/(P)
(n) money/currency/coinage/(P)
184
ヘイ
abuse
弊社
弊害
へいしゃ
へいがい
(n) our firm (company)
(n) evil practice/evil practise/barrier/(P)
185
ヘイ
cover
遮蔽
遮蔽物
しゃへい
しゃへいぶつ
(n,vs) screen/shielding/reverse clipping
(n) shelter/cover

good

Old Chinese: *[g]e[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyenX

186
ゼン
よ-い
good
親善
最善
しんぜん
さいぜん
(n) friendship/(P)
(n) the very best/(P)
187
ゼン
つくろ-う
darning
修繕
修繕費
しゅうぜん
しゅうぜんひ
(n,vs) repair/mending/(P)
(n) repair expense
188
ゼン
tray
一膳
配膳
いちぜん
はいぜん
(n) (1) bowl (of rice)/(2) pair (of chopsticks)
(n,vs) setting a place or the table

stool

Old Chinese: *C.kr[ə]jʔ

Middle Chinese: kijX

189
つくえ
desk
机上
机上の空論
きじょう
きじょうのくうろん
(n,adj-no) (1) on the desk/(2) theoretical/academic/(P)
(n) academic gossip/empty theory
190
はだ
texture
肌膚
肌骨
きふ
きこつ
(n) skin
(n) skin and bones
191
う-える
hungry
飢渇
飢死
きかつ
きし
(n,vs) hunger and thirst/starvation
(n,vs) (sens) (death from) starvation/starving to death

192
いつく-しむ
mercy
慈悲
慈愛
じひ
じあい
(n) compassion/benevolence/charity/mercy/(P)
(n) affection/kindness/love/(P)
193
nourishing
滋養
滋味
じよう
じみ
(n) nourishment/(P)
(n) nutriment/wholesome/savoriness/savouriness/rich food/nourishment
194
magnet
電磁波
磁石
でんじは
じしゃく
(n) electromagnetic waves
(n) (1) magnet/(2) compass/(P)

armour; scale of animals

Old Chinese: *kˤr[e]p-s

Middle Chinese: keajH

195
カイ
jammed in
紹介
自己紹介
しょうかい
じこしょうかい
(n,vs) introduction/referral/(P)
(n,vs) self-introduction/(P)
196
カイ
world
世界
業界
せかい
ぎょうかい
(n) the world/society/the universe/(P)
(n) industry/business/(P)

turn around, return

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤen

Middle Chinese: hwaen

197
カン(クヮン)
ring
環境
環境問題
かんきょう
かんきょうもんだい
(n) environment/circumstance/(P)
(n) environmental problem (issue)
198
カン(クヮン)
send back
帰還
還暦
きかん
かんれき
(n,vs) (1) repatriation/return/(2) (electrical) feedback/(P)
(n) 60th birthday/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡluːwɢ

199
カク
たし-か、たし-かめる
certain
確認
確実
かくにん
かくじつ
(n,vs) affirmation/confirmation/validation/(P)
(adj-na,n) certainty/reliability/soundness/(P)
200
カク
つる
crane
閑雲野鶴
鶴首
かんうんやかく
かくしゅ
(n) life in natural setting, free from worldly cares
(n,vs) looking forward to

heart

Old Chinese: *səm

Middle Chinese: sim

201
シン
こころ
heart
中心
心配
ちゅうしん
しんぱい
(n) center/centre/middle/heart/core/focus/pivot/emphasis/balance/(P)
(adj-na,n,vs) (1) worry/concern/anxiety/(n,vs) (2) care/help/aid/assistance/(P)
202
シン
core
空芯菜
摘芯
くうしんさい
てきしん
(n) ipomoea aquatica/kang kong/water morning glory/(Chinese) water spinach/water convolvulus/swamp cabbage/ong choy/hung tsai/rau muong/pak boong
(n,vs) thinning (buds and branches)

1: first

Old Chinese: *sˤər

Middle Chinese: sen

2: go first

Old Chinese: *sˤər-s

Middle Chinese: senH

203
セン
さき
previous
先日
先週
せんじつ
せんしゅう
(n-adv,n-t) the other day/a few days ago/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) last week/the week before/(P)
204
セン
あら-う
wash
洗濯
洗濯機
せんたく
せんたくき
(n,vs) washing/laundry/(P)
(n) washing machine (laundry)/(P)

1: heaven

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤi[n]

Middle Chinese: then

2: heaven

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤi[n] (W dialect: l̥ˤ- > Hàn-time *xˤ- > MC x-)

Middle Chinese: xen

205
テン
あま*、あめ
heaven
天気
お天気
てんき
おてんき
(n) (1) weather/the elements/(2) fair weather/fine weather/(P)
(n) (1) weather (polite term)/(2) temper/mood
206
テン
そ-う、そ-える
annexed
添付
添乗員
てんぷ
てんじょういん
(n,vs) attachment/appendage/annex/annexure/(P)
(n) tour conductor/tour guide

hawk, falcon

Old Chinese: *[s]urʔ

Middle Chinese: swinX

207
ジュン
quasi-
准教授
批准
じゅんきょうじゅ
ひじゅん
(n) associate professor
(n,vs) ratification/ratify/(P)
208
ジュン
standard
準備
標準
じゅんび
ひょうじゅん
(n,vs) preparation/setup/arrangements/provision/reserve/(P)
(n) standard/level/norm/(P)

1: shoot; archer

Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk-s

Middle Chinese: zyaeH

2: hit with bow and arrow

Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk

Middle Chinese: zyek

209
シャ
い-る
shoot
注射
反射
ちゅうしゃ
はんしゃ
(n,vs) injection/(P)
(n,vs) reflection/reverberation/reflex (medical)/(P)
210
シャ
あやま-る
apologize
感謝
代謝
かんしゃ
たいしゃ
(adj-na,n,vs) thanks/gratitude/(P)
(n,vs) (abbr) renewal/regeneration/metabolism/(P)

buy

Old Chinese: *mˤrajʔ

Middle Chinese: meaX

211
バイ
か-う
buy
売買
買収
ばいばい
ばいしゅう
(n,vs) trade/buying and selling/(P)
(n,vs) (1) buying/purchase/(2) corruption/bribery/(P)
212
バイ
う-る、う-れる
sell
販売
発売
はんばい
はつばい
(n,vs) sales/selling/marketing/(P)
(n,vs) sale/offering for sale/release (for sale)/launch (product)/(P)

1: peace(ful)

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]

Middle Chinese: 'an

2: how

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]

Middle Chinese: 'an

3: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]

Middle Chinese: 'an

213
アン
やす-い
cheap
安心
安心
あんしん
あんじん
(adj-na,n,vs) relief/peace of mind/(P)
(n) (Buddh) obtaining peace of mind through faith or ascetic practice (practise)
214
アン
plan
案内
提案
あんない
ていあん
(n) (1) information/guidance/leading/(vs) (2) to guide/to show (around)/to conduct/(P)
(n,vs) proposal/proposition/suggestion/(P)

garrulous

Old Chinese: *[t]am

Middle Chinese: tsyem

215
タン
かつ-ぐ、にな-う
shouldering
担当
負担
たんとう
ふたん
(n,vs) (in) charge/(P)
(n,vs) burden/charge/responsibility/(P)
216
タン
gall bladder
大胆
落胆
だいたん
らくたん
(adj-na,n) bold/daring/audacious/(P)
(n,vs) discouragement/despondency/dejection/(P)

sunrise (Shuowen)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤar-s

Middle Chinese: kanH

217
カン
かわ-かす、かわ-く
dry
乾燥
乾杯
かんそう
かんぱい
(n,vs) dry/arid/insipid/dehydrated/(P)
(n,vs) (1) toast/drink (in celebration or in honor of something)/(2) drinking one's glass dry/(int) (3) cheers/(P)
218
カン
Korea
韓国
韓流
かんこく
かんりゅう
(n) (South) Korea/(P)
(n) influx of South Korean pop culture (into Japan)

1: distant

Old Chinese: *mˤa[n]-s

Middle Chinese: manH

2: extended, long

Old Chinese: *ma[n]-s

Middle Chinese: mjonH

219
マン
ridicule
自慢
慢性
じまん
まんせい
(n,vs,adj-no) pride/boast/(P)
(n,adj-no) chronicity/chronic/(P)
220
マン
cartoon
漫画
漫画家
まんが
まんがか
(n) comic/cartoon/(P)
(n) cartoonist/manga artist/(P)

plant leaves

Old Chinese: *tˤrak

Middle Chinese: traek

221
タク
home
自宅
お宅
じたく
おたく
(n) one's home/(P)
(n) (1) (hon) your house/your home/your family/(2) (hon) your husband/(3) (hon) your organization/(4) (hon) you (referring to someone of equal status with whom one is not especially close)/(P)
222
タク
consign
委託
信託
いたく
しんたく
(n,vs) consign (goods (for sale) to a firm)/entrust (person with something)/commit/(P)
(n,vs) trust/entrusting/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷaːns

223
カン(クヮン)
yell
喚起
召喚
かんき
しょうかん
(n,vs) arousal/excitation/awakening/evocation/(P)
(n,vs) summons/(P)
224
カン(クヮン)
か-える、か-わる
interchange
交換
転換
こうかん
てんかん
(n,vs) exchange/interchange/switching/reciprocity/barter/substitution/replacement/clearing (of checks, cheques)/(P)
(n,vs) convert/divert/(P)

to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)

Old Chinese: *[q]ˤə[p]-s

Middle Chinese: 'ojH

225
アイ
love
愛知県
恋愛
あいちけん
れんあい
(n) Aichi prefecture (Chuubu area)
(n,vs) love/love-making/passion/emotion/affections/(P)
226
アイ
not clear
曖昧
曖昧検索
あいまい
あいまいけんさく
(adj-na,n) (1) vague/ambiguous/unclear/(2) (math) (comp) fuzzy/(P)
(n) (comp) fuzzy reference/ambiguous search/ambiguous retrieval

cut out, prepare

Old Chinese: *tet-s

Middle Chinese: tsyejH

227
セイ
control
制作
制度
せいさく
せいど
(n,vs) work (film, book)/(P)
(n) system/institution/organization/organisation/(P)
228
セイ
manufacture
製作
製品
せいさく
せいひん
(n,vs) manufacture/production/(P)
(n) manufactured goods/finished goods/product/(P)

1: 委蛇 compliant, complaisant

Old Chinese: *q(r)oj

Middle Chinese: 'jwe

2: entrust to

Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jweX

3: collect; store

Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jweX

4: bend; hang down

Old Chinese: *q(r)orʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jweX

229
イ(ヰ)
ゆだ-ねる
committee
委員会
委員
いいんかい
いいん
(n) committee meeting/committee/(P)
(n) committee member/(P)
230
イ(ヰ)
な-える
wither
萎縮
萎縮症
いしゅく
いしゅくしょう
(adj-na,n,vs) withering/atrophy/contraction/dwarf/(P)
(n) atrophy

bind; bundle

Old Chinese: *s-tʰok

Middle Chinese: syowk

231
ソク
たば
bundle
約束
結束
やくそく
けっそく
(n,vs) (1) arrangement/promise/appointment/pact/engagement/(2) convention/rule/(P)
(n,vs) union/unity/(P)
232
ソク
すみ-やか、はや-い、はや-まる、はや-める
fast
速報
高速
そくほう
こうそく
(n,vs) prompt report/quick announcement/(P)
(adj-na,n) (1) high speed/high gear/(2) (abbr) highway/freeway/expressway/motorway/(P)

people

Old Chinese: *mi[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: mjin

233
ミン
たみ
people
国民
住民
こくみん
じゅうみん
(n) nation/nationality/people/citizen/(P)
(n) citizens/inhabitants/residents/population/(P)
234
ミン
ねむ-い、ねむ-る
sleep
睡眠時間
睡眠不足
すいみんじかん
すいみんぶそく
(n) (one's) sleeping hours/hours of sleep
(n) lack of sleep

exterior

Old Chinese: *p(r)awʔ

Middle Chinese: pjewX

235
ヒョウ(ヘウ)
たわら
bag
土俵
一俵
どひょう
いっぴょう
(n) (1) arena, esp. in sumo/(2) forum (e.g. for discussion)/(3) sandbag/gabion/(P)
(n) one (straw) bagful
236
ヒョウ(ヘウ)
あらわ-す、あらわ-れる、おもて
express
表情
表明
ひょうじょう
ひょうめい
(n) facial expression/(P)
(n,vs) declaration/indication/representation/manifestation/demonstration/expression/announcement/assertion/(P)

receive

Old Chinese: *[d]uʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyuwX

237
ジュ
う-かる、う-ける
accept
受賞
受験生
じゅしょう
じゅけんせい
(n,vs) winning (a prize)/(P)
(n) student preparing for or taking examinations
238
ジュ
さず-かる、さず-ける
instruct
授業
教授
じゅぎょう
きょうじゅ
(n,vs) lesson/class work/(P)
(n,vs) (1) professor/(2) teaching/instruction/(P)

a high number

Old Chinese: *[ts][i]jʔ

Middle Chinese: tsijX

239
あね
older sister
姉妹
姉弟
しまい
してい
(n) sisters/(P)
(n) older sister and younger brother
240
かき
persimmon
熟柿
熟柿主義
じゅくし
じゅくししゅぎ
(n) ripe persimmon
(n) laying low, awaiting one's chance

examine

Old Chinese: *trəŋ

Middle Chinese: tring

241
チョウ
indications
特徴
象徴
とくちょう
しょうちょう
(n) feature/trait/characteristic/pecularity/(P)
(n,vs) symbol/(P)
242
チョウ
こ-らしめる、こ-らす、こ-りる
penal
懲役
懲戒
ちょうえき
ちょうかい
(n) penal servitude/imprisonment with hard labor (hard labour)/(P)
(n,vs) discipline/punishment/reprimand/(P)

clan

Old Chinese: *k.deʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyeX

243
うじ
family name
氏名
某氏
しめい
ぼうし
(n) full name/identity/(P)
(n) certain person/unnamed person
244
かみ
paper
表紙
用紙
ひょうし
ようし
(n) front cover/binding/(P)
(n) blank form/(P)

face

Old Chinese: *C.me[n]-s

Middle Chinese: mjienH

245
メン
おも、おもて、つら
face
方面
真面目
ほうめん
しんめんぼく
(n) direction/district/field (e.g. of study)/(P)
(n) one's true character/one's true self/oneself/seriousness/earnestness
246
メン
noodles
つけ麺
麺類
つけめん
めんるい
(n) cold Chinese noodles accompanied by soup for dipping
(n) noodles/vermicelli

grief, grieved

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)u

Middle Chinese: 'juw

247
ユウ(イウ)
すぐ-れる、やさ-しい
superior
女優
優先
じょゆう
ゆうせん
(n) actress/(P)
(n,vs) preference/priority/precedence/(P)
248
ユウ(イウ)
う-い、うれ-い、うれ-える
melancholy
憂国
憂慮
ゆうこく
ゆうりょ
(n) patriotism/(P)
(n,vs) anxiety/concern/fear/(P)

宿

1: spend the night

Old Chinese: *[s]uk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

2: "mansion" of the zodiac (where the moon is found on successive nights)

Old Chinese: *[s]uk-s

Middle Chinese: sjuwH

宿
249
シュク
やど、やど-す、やど-る
inn
宿泊
宿題
しゅくはく
しゅくだい
(n,vs) lodging/(P)
(n) homework/(P)
250
シュク
ちぢ-まる、ちぢ-む、ちぢ-める、ちぢ-らす、ちぢ-れる
shrink
縮小
短縮
しゅくしょう
たんしゅく
(n,vs) reduction/curtailment/(P)
(n,vs) shortening/abbreviation/reduction/(P)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: l'ud

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɦljud

251
ジュツ
art
手術
美術
しゅじゅつ
びじゅつ
(n,vs) surgical operation/(P)
(n) art/fine arts/(P)
252
ジュツ
の-べる
mention
記述
前述
きじゅつ
ぜんじゅつ
(n,vs) description/descriptor/(P)
(n,vs) aforementioned/above-mentioned

bind (v.)

Old Chinese: *[m]-kˤek-s

Middle Chinese: hejH

253
ケイ
かか-る、かかり
person in charge
関係者
人間関係
かんけいしゃ
にんげんかんけい
(n) authorized people/authorised people/person(s) concerned/(P)
(n) human relations/(P)
254
ケイ
lineage
系列
系統
けいれつ
けいとう
(n) (1) series/sequence/system/order of succession/(2) keiretsu (conglomeration of businesses linked by cross-shareholdings)/(P)
(n) system/family line/geological formation/lineage/ancestry/(P)

depend on

Old Chinese: *rˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: lajH

255
ライ
rapids
急瀬
キュウライ
(n) A strait
256
ライ
たの-む、たの-もしい、たよ-る
trust
信頼
信頼関係
しんらい
しんらいかんけい
(n,vs) reliance/trust/faith/confidence/(P)
(n) relationship of mutual trust/fiduciary relation

1: tshang-kaeng 'oriole'

Old Chinese: *[s.r̥]ˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: tshang

2: granary

Old Chinese: *tsʰˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: tshang

257
ソウ(サウ)
くら
warehouse
倉庫
穀倉
そうこ
こくそう
(n) storehouse/warehouse/godown/(P)
(n) granary/(P)
258
ソウ(サウ)
つく-る
create
創作
創造
そうさく
そうぞう
(n,vs) production/literary creation/work/(P)
(n,vs) creation/(P)

be on guard

Old Chinese: *kˤrək-s (~ kˤrək)

Middle Chinese: keajH

259
カイ
いまし-める
commandment
警戒
十戒
けいかい
じっかい
(n) (1) vigilance/precaution/watch/lookout/altertness/(vs) (2) to be vigilant/to be cautious/to guard (against)/(P)
(n) (1) (Buddh) the 10 precepts/(2) Ten Commandments/Decalogue/Decalog
260
カイ
contraption
機械
機械的
きかい
きかいてき
(n) (1) machine/mechanism/(2) instrument/appliance/apparatus/(P)
(adj-na) mechanical

girdle, strap

Old Chinese: *C.tˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: tajH

261
タイ
お-びる、おび
sash
時間帯
地帯
じかんたい
ちたい
(n) period of time/time slot/time zone
(n) area/zone/(P)
262
タイ
とどこお-る
stagnate
滞在
停滞
たいざい
ていたい
(n,vs) stay/sojourn/(P)
(n,vs) stagnation/tie-up/congestion/retention/accumulation/falling into arrears/(P)

two

Old Chinese: *ni[j]-s

Middle Chinese: nyijH

263
ふた、ふた-つ
two
二度
二回
にど
にかい
(n) (1) two times/twice/(2) two degrees/(P)
(n) twice
264
two (falsification prevention)
弐心
にしん
(n) duplicity/treachery/double-dealing
(num) two (used in legal documents)

1: 1/10th of a dǒu 斗

Old Chinese: *s-təŋ

Middle Chinese: sying

2: rise (v.)

Old Chinese: *s-təŋ

Middle Chinese: sying

265
ショウ
ます
measuring box
一升瓶
一升
いっしょうびん
いっしょう
(n) 1 sho bottle (1.8 litres)
(n) unit of old Japanese liquid measurement/1800 cc
266
ショウ
のぼ-る
rise up
上昇
急上昇
じょうしょう
きゅうじょうしょう
(n,vs) rising/ascending/climbing/(P)
(n,vs) sudden rise/steep climb/zoom

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡruːl

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡruːl

267
カイ(クヮイ)
こわ-す、こわ-れる
demolition
破壊
崩壊
はかい
ほうかい
(n,vs) (1) destruction/disruption/(2) (comp) (application) crash/(P)
(n,vs) (1) collapse/crumbling/breaking down/caving in/(2) decay (physics)/(P)
268
カイ(クヮイ)
なつ-かしい、なつ-かしむ、なつ-く、なつ-ける、ふところ
pocket
懐石
懐中
かいせき
かいちゅう
(n) simple meal eaten before tea is served
(n,vs) one's pocket

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: nuːʔ

269
ノウ(ナウ)
なや-ます、なや-む
trouble
苦悩
煩悩
くのう
ぼんのう
(n,vs) suffering/distress/affliction/anguish/agony/trouble/(P)
(n) (Buddh) klesha (polluting thoughts such as greed, hatred and delusion, which result in suffering)/(P)
270
ノウ(ナウ)
brain
脳内
電脳
のうない
でんのう
(adj-no) (1) intracerebral/intracranial/(adv) (2) intracranially
(n) (comp) electronic brain/computer (primarily Chinese usage)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: koːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: koːns

271
カン(クヮン)
な-らす、な-れる
accustomed
習慣
生活習慣病
しゅうかん
せいかつしゅうかんびょう
(n) custom/habit/manners/(P)
(n) lifestyle disease
272
カン(クヮン)
つらぬ-く
pierce
一貫
貫徹
いっかん
かんてつ
(n,vs) (1) consistency/coherence/integration/(2) one kan (8.333 lbs)/(P)
(n,vs) accomplishment/realization/realisation/penetration/(P)

agriculture; to farm

Old Chinese: *nˤ[o]ŋ

Middle Chinese: nowng

273
ノウ
こ-い
concentrated
濃度
濃縮
のうど
のうしゅく
(n) (1) concentration/thickness/density/(2) cardinality/(P)
(n,vs) concentrated/(P)
274
ノウ
farming
農業
農家
のうぎょう
のうか
(n) agriculture/(P)
(n) farmer/farm family/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: muːɡs

275
ボウ
おか-す
risk
大冒険
冒険者
だいぼうけん
ぼうけんしゃ
(n) great adventure
(n) adventurer
276
ボウ
cap
帽子
ニット帽
ぼうし
ニットぼう
(n) hat/cap/(P)
(n) knitted hat/woollen hat

elbow

Old Chinese: *t-[k]

Middle Chinese: trjuwX

277
チュウ(チウ)
ひじ
elbow
掣肘
セイチュウ
(n,vs) restraint/restriction/control
278
チュウ(チウ)
sake

焼酎
ちゅう
しょうちゅう
(n) (abbr) shochu
(n) shochu (Japanese liquor similar to vodka)/(P)

elder brother

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: kwon

279
コン
descendants
昆虫
昆布
こんちゅう
こんぶ
(n) insect/bug/(P)
(n) konbu seaweed/kelp/sea tang/devil's apron/(P)
280
コン
こ-む、ま-ざる、ま-じる、ま-ぜる
mix
混乱
混雑
こんらん
こんざつ
(n,vs) disorder/chaos/confusion/mayhem/(P)
(n,vs) confusion/congestion/(P)

important

Old Chinese: *[q]ew(k)-s

Middle Chinese: 'jiewH

281
ヨウ(エウ)
こし
loins
腰部
細腰
ようぶ
さいよう
(n) loins/hips/pelvic region/waist/(P)
(n) slender hips/slim waist
282
ヨウ(エウ)
い-る、かなめ
need
不要
主要
ふよう
しゅよう
(adj-na,n,adj-no) unnecessary/unneeded/(P)
(adj-na,n) chief/main/principal/major/(P)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shroːŋ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shloːŋ

283
ソウ(サウ)
まど
window
同窓会
車窓
どうそうかい
しゃそう
(n) graduate's association/alumni meeting/class reunion/(P)
(n) car window/(P)
284
ソウ
whole
総理
総会
そうり
そうかい
(n,vs) prime minister/leader/overseer (of national affairs)/president/(P)
(n) general meeting/(P)

old man

Old Chinese: *s-ruʔ (dialect: > *sruʔ > MC srjuwX > sruwX > suwX)

Middle Chinese: suwX

285
ソウ
さが-す
search
捜査
捜索
そうさ
そうさく
(n,vs) search (esp. in criminal investigations)/investigation/(P)
(n,vs) search (esp. for someone or something missing)/investigation/(P)
286
ソウ
や-せる
get thin
痩身
そうしん
(n) slim figure/weight reduction

melon, gourd

Old Chinese: *kʷˤra

Middle Chinese: kwae

287
orphan
孤独
孤立
こどく
こりつ
(adj-na,n) isolation/loneliness/solitude/(P)
(n,vs) isolation/helplessness/(P)
288
arc
括弧
円弧
かっこ
えんこ
(n,vs) parenthesis/brackets/(P)
(n) arc/(P)

1: sit

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dzwaX

2: to set

Old Chinese: *m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dzwaX

3: seat n.

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: dzwaH

289
すわ-る
sit
座席
座布団
ざせき
ざぶとん
(n) seat/(P)
(n) zabuton (flat floor cushion used when sitting or kneeling; usu. rectangular)/(P)
290
sprain
挫折
捻挫
ざせつ
ねんざ
(n,vs) frustration/setback/discouragement/(P)
(n,vs) sprain/(P)

shield

Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwonX

291
ジュン
sequential
循環
悪循環
じゅんかん
あくじゅんかん
(n,vs,adj-no) circulation/rotation/cycle/(P)
(n) vicious circle/(P)
292
ジュン
たて
shield
矛盾
自己矛盾
むじゅん
じこむじゅん
(n,vs) contradiction/inconsistency/(P)
(n,vs) self-contradiction/paradox/antinomy

鹿

deer

Old Chinese: *mə-rˤok

Middle Chinese: luwk

鹿
293
ロク
か*、しか
deer
鹿
ろく
(ok) (n) deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon)
294
ロク
ふもと
foot of a mountain
山麓
岳麓
さんろく
がくろく
(n) foot or base of a mountain
(n) foot of Mt Fuji

high, tall

Old Chinese: *[N-k](r)aw

Middle Chinese: gjew

295
キョウ(ケウ)
はし
bridge
船橋
石橋
せんきょう
せっきょう
(n) (1) pontoon bridge/temporary bridge made using ships/(2) bridge (of a ship)
(n) stone bridge
296
キョウ(ケウ)
た-める
rectify
矯正
歯列矯正
きょうせい
しれつきょうせい
(n,vs) correction/remedy/(P)
(n) orthodontia/orthodontics

1: ride (v.)

Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ

Middle Chinese: zying

2: vehicle

Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ-s

Middle Chinese: zyingH

3: team of four horses

Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ-s

Middle Chinese: zyingH

297
ジョウ
の-せる、の-る
ride
乗車
試乗
じょうしゃ
しじょう
(n,vs) taking a train, bus, etc./entraining/(P)
(n,vs) test drive or ride/trial ride
298
ジョウ
surplus
過剰
余剰
かじょう
よじょう
(adj-na,n) excess/over-/(P)
(n) redundant/surplus/residue/balance/(P)

islet in stream; province

Old Chinese: *tu

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

299
シュウ(シウ)
state
本州
豪州
ほんしゅう
ごうしゅう
(n) Honshu (largest of the four main islands of Japan)
(n) Australia
300
シュウ(シウ)
repay
報酬
応酬
ほうしゅう
おうしゅう
(n) remuneration/recompense/reward/toll/(P)
(n,vs) (1) exchange/reciprocation/give-and-take/return/(2) reply/riposte/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːɡ

301
レキ
こよみ
calendar
旧暦
西暦
きゅうれき
せいれき
(n) Japan's old (lunisolar) calendar/(P)
(n) Christian Era/CE/anno domini/AD/(P)
302
レキ
curriculum
歴史的
歴代
れきしてき
れきだい
(adj-na) historic/historical/traditional/(P)
(n) successive generations/successive emperors/(P)

1: why, what

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤe (dial. for 何 *[g]ˤaj?)

Middle Chinese: hej

2: slave, servant

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤe

Middle Chinese: hej

303
ケイ
mountain stream
渓流
渓谷
けいりゅう
けいこく
(n) mountain stream/(P)
(n) valley/ravine/canyon/(P)
304
ケイ
にわとり
chicken
鶏肉
鶏群
けいにく
けいぐん
(n) chicken meat/(P)
(n) flock of chickens

1: penetrate

Old Chinese: *m-[tʰ]ret

Middle Chinese: drjet

2: divide land acc. to a certain share system

Old Chinese: *m-tʰret

Middle Chinese: drjet

3: divide land acc. to a certain share system

Old Chinese: *tʰret

Middle Chinese: trhjet

4: penetrate

Old Chinese: *tʰret

Middle Chinese: trhjet

305
テツ
penetrate
徹夜
冷徹
てつや
れいてつ
(n,vs) all night/all-night vigil/sleepless night/(P)
(adj-na,n) cool-headedness/(P)
306
テツ
remove
撤退
撤去
てったい
てっきょ
(n,vs) evacuation/withdrawal/revocation/repeal/retreat/(P)
(n,vs) (1) withdrawal/revocation/repeal/(2) demolition/removal/(P)

wait

Old Chinese: *s-no

Middle Chinese: sju

307
ジュ
Confucian
儒教
儒学
じゅきょう
じゅがく
(n) Confucianism/(P)
(n) Confucianism/(P)
308
ジュ
demand
需要
必需品
じゅよう
ひつじゅひん
(n) demand/request/(P)
(n) necessities/necessary article/requisite/essential/(P)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lu

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lum

309
チン
まくら
pillow
枕頭
枕席
ちんとう
ちんせき
(n) bedside
(n) bedding/bed
310
チン
しず-む、しず-める
sink
沈黙
撃沈
ちんもく
げきちん
(n,vs) silence/reticence/(P)
(n) (1) sending a ship to the bottom/sinking (a ship)/(vs) (2) to sink a ship/(P)

mortar

Old Chinese: *C.[g]ʷəʔ

Middle Chinese: gjuwX

311
キュウ(キウ)
うす
mortar
脱臼
股関節脱臼
だっきゅう
こかんせつだっきゅう
(n,vs) dislocation
(n) dislocation of the hip/hip dislocation
312
キュウ(キウ)
old times
復旧
復旧
ふくきゅう
ふっきゅう
(n,vs) restoration/restitution/rehabilitation
(n,vs) restoration/restitution/rehabilitation/(P)

1: burn, scorch

Old Chinese: *S.tew

Middle Chinese: tsjew

2: Jiao (place name)

Old Chinese: *S.tew

Middle Chinese: tsjew

313
ショウ(セウ)
あせ-る、こ-がす、こ-がれる、こ-げる
char
焦点
焦燥
しょうてん
しょうそう
(n) focus (e.g. photographic)/focal point/(P)
(n,vs) impatience/uneasiness/irritation/(P)
314
ショウ(セウ)
reef
サンゴ礁
暗礁
サンゴしょう
あんしょう
(n) coral reef
(n) reef/sunken rock/(P)

who

Old Chinese: *[d]uk

Middle Chinese: dzyuwk

315
ジュク
cram school
塾長
学習塾
じゅくちょう
がくしゅうじゅく
(n) principal of a private school/(P)
(n) private night-school/tutoring school (math, English, etc.)
316
ジュク
う-れる
ripen
未熟
熟年
みじゅく
じゅくねん
(adj-na,n) inexperience/unripeness/raw/unskilled/immature/inexperienced/(P)
(n) mature in age and wisdom/middle-aged

filial

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ-s

Middle Chinese: xaewH

317
コウ(カウ)
filial piety
孝行
孝子
こうこう
こうし
(adj-na,n) filial piety/(P)
(n) filial child
318
コウ(カウ)
fermentation
酵母
発酵
こうぼ
はっこう
(n) yeast/leaven/(P)
(n,vs) fermentation/zymosis/(P)

1: blow (v.)

Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]

Middle Chinese: tsyhwe

2: musical concert

Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]-s

Middle Chinese: tsyhweH

319
スイ
ふ-く
blow
吹奏楽
吹奏楽団
すいそうがく
すいそうがくだん
(n) wind (instrument) music
(n) wind instrument orchestra/wind band/brass band
320
スイ
た-く
cook
自炊
炊飯器
じすい
すいはんき
(n,vs) cooking for oneself/(P)
(n) rice cooker/(P)

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰaːʔ

321
universal
普遍的
普遍
ふへんてき
ふへん
(adj-na) universal/omnipresent/ubiquitous/(P)
(adj-na) universal/ubiquitous/omnipresent/(P)
322
musical score
楽譜
新譜
がくふ
しんぷ
(n) score (music)/(P)
(n) newly-issued (released) record

sickness

Old Chinese: *[dz]i[t]

Middle Chinese: dzit

323
シツ
envy
嫉妬
嫉妬心
しっと
しっとしん
(n,vs) jealousy/(P)
(n) feeling of envy/jealous feeling
324
シツ
rapidly
疾走
疾風
しっそう
しっぷう
(n,vs) sprint/dash/scampering/(P)
(n) squall/gale/hurricane/(P)

horse

Old Chinese: *mˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: maeX

325
ののし-る
insult
罵倒
罵声
ばとう
ばせい
(n,vs) abuse/disparagement
(n) boos/jeers
326
うま、ま*
horse
白馬
出馬
はくば
しゅつば
(n) (1) white horse/(P)
(n,vs) (1) going on horseback/(2) going in person/(3) running for election/(P)

this

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]e(j)ʔ

Middle Chinese: tshjeX

327
むらさき
purple
紫外線
紫煙
しがいせん
しえん
(n) ultra-violet rays/(P)
(n) purple smoke/tobacco smoke
328
め、めす
feminine
雌雄
雌伏
しゆう
しふく
(n) male and female (animal)/(P)
(n,vs) remaining in obscurity

sing; song

Old Chinese: *law

Middle Chinese: yew

329
ヨウ(エウ)
ゆ-さぶる、ゆ-すぶる、ゆ-する、ゆ-らぐ、ゆ-る、ゆ-るぐ、ゆ-れる
swing
動揺
揺動
どうよう
ようどう
(n,vs) disturbance/unrest/shaking/trembling/pitching/rolling/oscillation/agitation/excitement/commotion/(P)
(n,vs) titubation/shaking/swinging
330
ヨウ(エウ)
うた-う、うたい
noh chanting
歌謡
歌謡曲
かよう
かようきょく
(n) song/ballad/(P)
(n) popular song/(P)

mountain demon

Old Chinese: *r̥aj

Middle Chinese: trhje

331
glassy
瑠璃
浄瑠璃
るり
じょうるり
(n) (1) lapis lazuli/(2) (abbr) lapis lazuli (color)/(3) (abbr) beryl/(4) (abbr) mall blue passerine bird (esp. the blue-and-white flycatcher and the Siberian blue robin, but also the red-flanked bluetail)/(5) (obsc) glass
(n) (1) ballad drama/(2) drama narrator for the bunraku theatre (theater)
332
はな-す、はな-れる
detach
分離
離脱
ぶんり
りだつ
(n,vs) separation/detachment/segregation/isolation/decollation/(P)
(n,vs) withdrawal/secession/separation/breakaway/(P)

autumn; crop

Old Chinese: *tsʰiw

Middle Chinese: tshjuw

333
シュウ(シウ)
うれ-い、うれ-える
distress
哀愁
郷愁
あいしゅう
きょうしゅう
(n) pathos/sorrow/grief/(P)
(n) nostalgia/homesickness/(P)
334
シュウ(シウ)
あき
autumn
千秋楽
春秋
せんしゅうらく
しゅんじゅう
(n) concluding festivities/final day of a sumo tournament/concluding program/concluding programme/(P)
(n) (1) spring and autumn/spring and fall/months and years/(n) (2) the Chronicles of Lu or the Spring and Autumn Annals - one of the Five Classics/(P)

1: domesticated animals

Old Chinese: *qʰuk-s

Middle Chinese: trhjuwH

2: store (v.)

Old Chinese: *qʰuk

Middle Chinese: trhjuwk

3: domestic animal

Old Chinese: *qʰuk-s

Middle Chinese: xjuwH

4: nourish

Old Chinese: *qʰuk

Middle Chinese: xjuwk

335
チク
livestock
畜産
家畜
ちくさん
かちく
(n) animal husbandry/(P)
(n) domestic animals/livestock/cattle/(P)
336
チク
たくわ-える
amass
蓄積
貯蓄
ちくせき
ちょちく
(n,vs) accumulation/accumulate/store/(P)
(n,vs) savings/(P)

grandchild; descendant

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: swon

337
ソン
まご
grandchild
子孫
孫子
しそん
そんし
(n) descendants/posterity/offspring/(P)
(n) (1) (hon) Sun Tzu (Chinese military strategist, 544?-496 BCE)/(2) The Art of War (military text by Sun Tzu, 512 BC)/(3) Sun Bin Bing Fa (military text by Sun Bin)
338
ソン
humble
遜色
不遜
そんしょく
ふそん
(n) inferiority
(adj-na,n) arrogance/insolence/disrespect

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: boːɡ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: puɡ

339
ボク
me
下僕
公僕
げぼく
こうぼく
(n) (arch) manservant
(n) public servant
340
ボク
slap
撲滅
打撲
ぼくめつ
だぼく
(n,vs) extermination/(P)
(n,vs) blow/hit (on the body)/beating/(P)

1: straight; correct

Old Chinese: *treŋ

Middle Chinese: trjeng

2: divine (v.)

Old Chinese: *treŋ

Middle Chinese: trjeng

341
テイ
spy
探偵団
偵察
たんていだん
ていさつ
(n) (1) detective team/(2) study group/club
(n,vs) scout out/reconnaissance/(P)
342
テイ
upright
童貞
貞治
どうてい
ていじ
(n) (1) (col) virginity (esp. of a man)/male virgin/(2) (Catholic) nun
(n) (obsc) Teiji era, Jouji era (of the Northern Court) (1362.9.23-1368.2.18)

unlucky

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: xjowng

343
キョウ
villain
凶悪
凶暴
きょうあく
きょうぼう
(adj-na) atrocious/fiendish/brutal/villainous/(P)
(adj-na,n) brutal/atrocious/ferocious
344
キョウ
むな*、むね
bosom
度胸
豊胸
どきょう
ほうきょう
(n) courage/bravery/pluck/nerve/grit/guts/(P)
(n) full breasts/(P)

guest

Old Chinese: *pi[n]

Middle Chinese: pjin

345
ヒン
はま
seacoast
海浜
京浜
かいひん
けいひん
(n) seaside/(P)
(n) Tokyo and Yokohama
346
ヒン
V.I.P.
来賓
迎賓館
らいひん
げいひんかん
(n) guest/visitor/visitor's arrival/(P)
(n) reception hall/(P)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: quds

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qud

347
イ(ヰ)
military officer
大尉
少尉
たいい
しょうい
(n) (military rank of) captain/(P)
(n) second lieutenant/sublieutenant/ensign/(P)
348
イ(ヰ)
なぐさ-む、なぐさ-める
consolation
慰安婦
慰霊
いあんふ
いれい
(n) enslaved prostitute/comfort woman
(n) comfort the spirit (of the dead)/(P)

cut; strike; attack

Old Chinese: *m-pat

Middle Chinese: bjot

349
バツ
fell
伐採
殺伐
ばっさい
さつばつ
(n,vs) lumbering/felling/deforestation/(P)
(adj-na,n) bloodthirsty/brutal/savage
350
バツ
clique
派閥
財閥
はばつ
ざいばつ
(n) clique/faction/(P)
(n) zaibatsu/plutocrats/financial clique/chaebol (Korean)/(P)

varnish

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]i[t]

Middle Chinese: tshit

351
シツ
うるし
lacquer
漆黒
漆器
しっこく
しっき
(n,adj-no) jet black/(P)
(n) lacquer ware/(P)
352
シツ
ひざ
knee
膝関節
膝下
しつかんせつ
しっか
(n) knee joint
(n) at the knees of one's parents/at home

1: low, humble

Old Chinese: *pe

Middle Chinese: pjie

2: 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi

Old Chinese: *pe

Middle Chinese: pjie

353
いや-しい、いや-しむ、いや-しめる
lowly
卑劣
卑屈
ひれつ
ひくつ
(adj-na,n) mean/foul play/cowardly/base/(P)
(adj-na,n) menial/meanness/servility/abject/(P)
354
tombstone
記念碑
石碑
きねんひ
せきひ
(n) monument/(P)
(n) stone monument/(P)

divide, distribute

Old Chinese: *pˤan

Middle Chinese: paen

355
ハン
blemish
斑点
白斑
はんてん
はくはん
(n) speck/fleck
(n) white or bright spot/vitiligo
356
ハン
squad
班長
取材班
はんちょう
しゅざいはん
(n) squad leader/honcho/team leader/group leader/(P)
(n) data collecting party

set of cowries; friend

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: bong

357
ホウ
くず-す、くず-れる
crumble
崩落
崩壊寸前
ほうらく
ほうかいすんぜん
(n,vs) collapse/break/cave-in/crash/(market) decline/(P)
(n) on the brink of collapse/in a state of near-collapse
358
ホウ(ハウ)
たな
shelf
陸棚
りくほう
(n) continental shelf